Research Projects

• Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), 01 Apr. 2023 - 31 Mar. 2028, 23H00025, A Comprehensive Study of Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherers in the Central Paleo-Honshu Island., 光石 鳴巳; 森先 一貴; 白石 純; 出穂 雅実; 高田 将志; 津村 宏臣, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Kashihara Archaeological Institute , Nara prefecture, 46280000, 35600000, 10680000, kaken

  対象リソースIRI
• 基盤研究(B), 01 Apr. 2021 - 31 Mar. 2026, 21H00629, 風成堆積物から読み取る更新世末～完新世の陸域環境急変期-ユーラシア大陸東西の比較, 高田 将志; 横山 祐典; 豊田 新, 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(B), 奈良女子大学, 12480000, 9600000, 2880000, 本研究では、日本列島各地に分布する後期更新世～完新世火山灰土の連続サンプリングを行い、各種古環境指標の分析に基づき、そこから読み取ることのできる高解像度（100～1000年スケールの）陸域古環境変動を明らかにすることを目指している。併せて、ユーラシア大陸西部のレス試料についても同様の解析を行い、このような解析と、既存研究で指摘されてきた同時期のグローバルな環境変動とを比較することで、陸域環境急変期にみられるグローバルな変動とローカル・リージョナルな変動の識別を試みたいと考えている。
  2021年度は、日本列島およびドイツを中心とする北ヨーロッパにおける風成堆積物の堆積環境変遷史に関する既存研究のレビューを開始した。それとともに、日本国内で採取した風成堆積物試料を用いたいくつかの分析も開始した。具体的には、喜連川丘陵（栃木県）で採取した火山灰土について、E1’中心に着目したESR信号の時系列変化とそれから推定される風成塵フラックスに関して、予察的な検討を行った。また、同試料から抽出したプラントオパールの酸素同位体比測定や、イライトの結晶度の測定などに供する測定用試料の抽出のための試料前処理を行った。
  本年度は、依然としてCOVID-19感染症の影響が残っており、当初計画の実施にさまざまな障害もあったことから、２年目以降の本格的な調査・分析・解析に向けて、研究補助者の確保や、その他分析解析項目を含めた研究体制の整備・確立に力を注いだ。これによって２年目以降の本格的調査・分析・解析に向けたおおよその研究体制を構築することができた。この過程では、本研究を進めるに当たっての当面の課題についても、二三、浮き彫りになってきたので、次年度早々にもその対応・改善にむけた具体的な方策について検討する場を設けたいと考えている。, kaken

  対象リソースIRI
• Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), 01 Apr. 2020 - 31 Mar. 2023, 20K04090, ESR dating of Quaternary sediments, 豊田 新; 横山 祐典; 高田 将志, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Okayama University of Science, 4290000, 3300000, 990000, ガンマ線照射によって生成する信号には、熱的に不安定な成分が含まれる可能性があり、これを除去して安定な成分のみを用いて総被曝線量を求め、年代測定を行うことが適切である。日本のテフラ２試料とブリスベン川河川堆積物の石英について、観測されるＡｌ中心、Ｔｉ－Ｌｉ中心の熱安定性を、naturalと照射した試料について比較し、年代測定プロトコルの開発のための基礎実験を行った。加熱実験の結果と別の手法で推定されている年代と比較して検討したところ、日本のテフラについては、Al中心はそもそも熱的に不安定であり、これを用いた場合には年代を過小評価する可能性が高いことがわかった。一方、Ti-Li中心については、熱的に安定な成分と不安定な成分があり、照射によって一部に熱的に不安定な成分が生成することがわかった。照射後、測定前に加熱することでこの成分を除去するのが適切であると考えられるため、適切な加熱温度について検討した。加熱実験結果からは260℃15分の条件が適切であることがわかったが、実際に適用してみたところ、この加熱（preheating）の効果の総被曝線量の値に対する影響はかなり小さいことがわかった。しかし、原理的にはこの preheat を行って、安定な成分を用いて年代測定を行うのが適切であると考えられる。ブリスベン川現河床堆積物については、Al中心の方が、Ti-Li中心よりも熱安定性が高いという実験結果が得られた。試料によって信号の熱安定性が異なることが明確に確認でき、このことは試料ごとに熱安定性の確認が必要であることを示している。, kaken

  対象リソースIRI
• Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), 01 Apr. 2015 - 31 Mar. 2019, 15H02960, Estimate of Quaternary paleoenvironment from molecular information of microfossils, TAKADA Masashi; Shimada Aiko, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Nara Women's University, 16640000, 12800000, 3840000, We examined possibilities that new methods could be introduced into Quaternary paleoenvironment reconstruction using DNA analysis of pollen fossils and oxygen isotope ratio of phytolith fossils. We examined PCR amplification conditions for chloroplast genome analysis using modern conifers as test samples. Although we could obtain primers suitable for analysis of phylogenetic comparison evolution above the genus level, we could not find the amplification condition suitable for species identification from total DNA samples. Further examination of amplification conditions is necessary for the DNA analysis of pollen fossils, which are anticipated to decrease and fragment the DNA content itself due to aging. Since differences in oxygen isotope ratio analysis results by different methods were recognized for phytoliths extracted from modern plants, it is necessary to establish a routine way to measure the oxygen isotope ratio of phytoliths with standard samples., url

  対象リソースIRI
• Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), 01 Apr. 2014 - 31 Mar. 2018, 26300007, Comparative study on geography education at the secondary level in Asian countries, TAKADA Masashi; OBITANI HIROAKI, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Nara Women's University, 13650000, 10500000, 3150000, In this study we surveyed the present status of geography education at the secondary level (grade 7 - 12) in several Asian countries. Some countries do not have a stand-alone geography subject at the secondary level and stand-alone subjects of geography in many countries are not usually compulsory but elective at the higher secondary level (grade 11 - 12).
  The characteristics in contents of geography education at the secondary level in the Asian countries are emphasizing of physical part of geography. In physical geography, terms of landform and climate are so much dealt but terms of soils and vegetation are not so much done in those countries without Singapore and Bhutan. In human geography the relationship between the phenomenon and own place (own country) are regarded as important., url

  対象リソースIRI
• Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research, 01 Apr. 2014 - 31 Mar. 2017, 26560157, Age estimation of altered coral fossil by pIRIR measurement, TAKADA Masashi, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research, Nara Women's University, 3640000, 2800000, 840000, In this study I dissolved altered corals by hydrochloric acid and investigate characteristics of luminescence signals from the residual materials to discuss possibilities for an elevated-temperature infrared stimulated luminescence (pIRIR; post-IR IRSL) dating.
  The insoluble residual materials in coral fossils taken from Miyako and Yonaguni Island, southwestern Ryukyus, southwestern Japan , the grain size of which is less than ca. 100 micron meter, show BLSL and IRSL signals. I could get an age constrain from the fossil coral using residual materials after the acid treatment, indicating that fossil coral sometimes contains a certain amount of minerals like quartz and feldspar. I think post-IR IRSL dating of the residual materials from fossil coral after acid treatment gives us a great possibility to date altered fossil coral., url

  対象リソースIRI
• Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), 28 Apr. 2011 - 31 Mar. 2015, 23510017, Paramagnetic defects and crystallinity index as the proxies for provenance of Earth surface sediment transportation, TOYODA Shin; TADA Ryuji; TAKADA Masashi; NISHIDO Hirotsugu; NINAGAWA Kiyotaka, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Okayama University of Science, 5460000, 4200000, 1260000, Paramagnetic defects and thermoluminescence colors were examined in order to show that those phsical properties are useful as proxies of the transport of the sediment on the surface of the earth. After establishing the techniques to quantify those properties, quartz grains were examined in atmospheric depositions in Japanese Islands and in present sediment of Kizu and Kurobe rivers. The oxygen vacancies in quartz of atmospheric depositions are correlated with the number of Kosa days in Fukuoka and in Yonago, but not in Akita. The oxygen vacancies and TL colors in quartz are found to be correlated with the basement rocks of the river reaches, which is reasonable as sediments are usually formed by the weathering of the basement rocks of the river reaches., url

  対象リソースIRI
• Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), 01 Apr. 2011 - 31 Mar. 2015, 23300338, Natural environment during the ancient Japanese era: From the viewpoint of Holocene environmental changes in and around the 'Heijyokyo' of the Japanese ancient capital and the Nara basin., TAKADA Masashi; IDETA Kazuhisa; MIYAJI Atsuko; HORI Kazuaki; MITSUISHI Narumi; HIDEHIRO Sohma; MITSUISHI Narumi, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Nara Women's University, 15470000, 11900000, 3570000, In this study we surveyed late Pleistocene and Holocene sediments and archeological information in and around the Nara basin to clarify paeoenvironment just before, during and immediately after the ancient Japanese era. Our results suggest that rapid sedimentation occurred at the alluvial plains in the basin during the early Holocene and after the Yayoi and Kofun period. In particular the latter phenomenon seems to have been affectd by anthropogenic activities, such as artificial deforestation and/or land use, as well as climatic changes. More data in terms of time and space resolution are needed to reconstruct the ancient natural environment in detail., url

  対象リソースIRI
• Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), 01 Apr. 2011 - 31 Mar. 2014, 23320137, Ancient Capital and City's Enviroment in Japan, TATENO KAZUMI; IDETA Kazuhisa; ISHIZAKI Kenji; OKUMURA Kazumi; MIYAJI Atsuko; TAKADA Masashi; MIYAZAKI Yoshimi; SHISHIDO Yoshimi, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Nara Women's University, 14820000, 11400000, 3420000, The aim of our research is to deepen the understanding of Japanese ancient capitals and cities from environmental viewpoint.As a result, we came to the following conclusions. The first was that mountains and rivers used to be primary factors in deciding the location of the capitals,Dazaifu and other cities. Secondly, we clarified that after the constructions of capitals, out of the necessity of Li, attempted to keep the spiritual purity of the capitals and the shape of mountains surrounding the capitals. Thirdly, through the re-examination of historical records, we came to deny a common view that when the government selected the location of the new capitals, they tended to apply the Feng sui system to the surrounding mountains and rivers. To make our conclusions known to the public, we published a report in two volumes; one gathers historical documents and the other is a collection of research papers., url

  対象リソースIRI
• 基盤研究(A), 2011 - 2012, 23251019, 乾燥・半乾燥地域の遺跡立地と景観復元を目指した衛星考古地理学的研究, 相馬 秀廣; 高田 将志; 舘野 和己; 小方 登; 伊藤 俊雄; 白石 典之, 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(A), 奈良女子大学, 15730000, 12100000, 3630000, 本研究は、QuickBird, Coronaなどの高解像度衛星画像をベースとして,地理学・歴史学・考古学・第四紀学などが連携した文理融合的研究を通して,点から線さらに面への空間的視点,および,過去から現在あるいは現在から過去への時間的視点の両側面から,囲郭・集落(居住拠点跡),耕地・耕地跡(生産活動),水利用(灌漑水路跡),それらの空間的関係(施設配置,シルクロード,交通路),さらに放棄後の景観変化などを例として,中央アジアから中国,モンゴルにかけての乾燥・半乾燥地域を主な対象として,遺跡立地と景観復元に関わる方法論,衛星考古地理学的研究法を確立することを目的とした.
  2012年度は、2011年度に引き続き,モンゴル南部オムノゴビ県のサイリン・バルガスン遺跡および周辺地域において,モンゴル科学アカデミー考古研究所の協力を得て,研究分担者の白石を中心として、囲郭の詳細,灌漑水路跡の有無確認などの現地調査を8月に実施した.また、6月には、研究分担者の小方が「1960年代に撮影された偵察衛星写真の遺跡探査・歴史的景観復原における有用性」のタイトルで、京都大学で開催された日本文化財科学会第29回大会で、成果の一部を発表した。
  しかしながら、研究代表者相馬の予期せぬ急逝により当該研究の遂行が不可能となったため、残念ながら本研究課題は、8月11日をもって終了することとなった。, kaken

  対象リソースIRI
• Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), 2010 - 2012, 22520792, Relationship between the globalization and the conservation of regional landscape and environment during the modern and present time in the Kii Peninsula, western Japan., MATSUMOTO Hiroyuki; UCHIDA Tadayoshi; TAKADA Masashi; YOSHIDA Yoko; OBITANI Hiroaki; NISHIMURA Yuichiro; SOHMA Hidehiro, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Nara Women's University, 4420000, 3400000, 1020000, This project analyses the modern changes of regional landscape and environment in the KII peninsula, Japan. It provides the following results:
  (1) the secondary growth of the deciduous and broadleaf trees is remarkable in the basin of the Totsugawa river because of not making artificial reforestation affected by the timber import from foreign countries after the World war II.
  (2) the recent socio-cultural movements of globalization (the international exchanges) are brought about on the bases of emigrations to foreign countries from Meiji era to the world war II.
  (3) everyday lives and life histories of old generations are subject to the regional differentiations under the globalization., url

  対象リソースIRI
• Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research, 2010 - 2012, 22650218, Stable oxygen isotope of opal phytoliths: Basic information toward the paleoenvironmental reconstruction, TAKADA Masashi; NAKAZAWA Takashi, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research, Nara Women's University, 3270000, 2700000, 570000, In this study we present the preliminary results about the analysis of theδ18Ｏof phytoliths from living leaves of Japanese Sasa and Phyllostachys toward the future paleoenvironmental reconstruction. The relationship between the δ18Ｏ value of the sample and estimated mean annual temperature at the sampling site indicates weak positive correlation as a whole and it seems to be also affected by latitude, altitude and distance from coast. More data and further statistics research are needed to clarify the implication of the relationship between environmental factors and theδ18Ｏ value of phytoliths from Japanese Sasa and Phyllostachys., url

  対象リソースIRI
• Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), 2008 - 2010, 20300294, Change of sediment provenance around Lake Biwa, Western Japan : Did it occur along with Quaternary climate change?, TAKADA Masashi; SOHMA Hidehiro; TOYODA Shin; TAKEMURA Keiji; YOKOYAMA Yusuke, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Nara Women's University, 14040000, 10800000, 3240000, ESR signal intensity from quartz included in the Lake Biwa 1400 meter sediment core seems to fluctuate periodically together with cyclic environmentchange. Characteristics of ESR and TL signal intensities suggest that the core sedimentsof ca. 900ka age seem to be supplied mainly from the bedrocks to the north, the east and the south of the core location and the Yasu River. Content of ^<10>Be in the sediments also suggests that environment of sediment provenance for the Lake Biwa 1400 meter sediment core had changed along with the geological sequence., url

  対象リソースIRI
• Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), 2007 - 2010, 19251009, Reconstruction of paleo-irrigation canals and cultivated fields based on high-resolution satellite images, and classification of their patterns, SOHMA Hidehiro; TATENO Kazumi; TAKADA Masashi; ITO Toshio; OGATA Noboru; WATANABE Mitsuko; IGURO Shinobu; MORIYA Kazuki; FURUSAWA Fumi, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), Nara Women's University, 27300000, 21000000, 6300000, Based on the analysis of high-resolution Satellite Images, relative height of the tamarix cones covering the ruins and ages of the scattered earthenware, agricultural field casts of the Han Dynasty and Xixia-Yuan Dynasties are identified with relatively high reliability. As results, it is cleared the expansion of the agricultural fields of Xixia-Yuan Dynasty was more extensive than previously considered. Moreover, casts of the Ou tian cultivation and Dai tian one are extracted, and unreported wall-surrounded city, named Bj2008, was newly reported, url

  対象リソースIRI
• Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), 2007 - 2008, 19520675, Fundamental study on the conservation of landscape and environment in and around the Nara Basin, western Japan., MATSUMOTO Hiroyuki; TOMATSURI Yumio; SOHMA Hidehiro; UCHIDA Tadayoshi; TAKADA Masashi; YOSHIDA Yoko; OBITANI Hiroaki, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Nara Women's University, 4160000, 3200000, 960000, 本研究では,奈良盆地とその周辺域における景観・環境保全の実態と変遷過程について、特に第二次世界大戦後を中心に検討した。奈良盆地とその周縁部では、高度成長期以降の1980年代末まで里山的な林地や、水田を中心とする耕地の減少が目立った。1980 年代前半は、既存市街地に近い地域の減少が中心であったが、1980 年代後半には、それが周縁部に広がり、耕地というよりは林地の減少が目立つようになり、1990 年代に入ると、林地や耕地の減少は、かなり鈍化した。このような変化と軌を一にして、地域住民とため池や河川・水路などの水辺空間や、その他の文化的景観との関係性も大きな変容を遂げてきたことが明らかとなった。, url

  対象リソースIRI
• 萌芽研究, 2006 - 2008, 18650267, 火山噴出物起源の鉱物を対象とする新しいOSL年代測定法の開発, 高田 将志; 谷 篤史, 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 萌芽研究, 奈良女子大学, 3300000, 3300000, 本年度は、前年度までの研究成果を踏まえ、実際の天然カンラン石試料を対象として、具体的な年代測定の手法の構築を目指した研究を行った。この過程では、カンラン石を純度良く抽出することがが問題となるが、磁気分離や重液分離、フッ化水素酸によるエッチングなど、様々な試料処理工程の条件を調整することで、十分な純化試料が得られることがわかった。次に、OSLと関係の深いTL信号の諸特性を明らかにした上で、まず、TL年代測定の評価を行った。その結果、カンラン石のルミネッセンス信号には、きわめて強いフェーディング特性があることがわかった。このため、天然カンラン石を対象としたルミネッセンス年代測定には、このフェーディングの影響評価を組み入れないと、実年代よりもかなり若い年代を示す可能性がある。この点を考慮した測定手法としては、カリ長石の場合に用いられるqvalueによる影響評価を援用することが考えられるが、現状では、q値が相当大きいために、実効性の高い年代測定手法とするには問題が大きいこともわかった。実際的な年代測定手法の確立のためには、今後、異なる検出波長、とくに赤色に近い長波長側の検出光の利用や、TLとOSL信号の関連性などについて、さらに研究を深める必要があると考えている。
  一方、火山噴出物起源の石英を用いたOSL年代測定に関しては、従来からの励起光・検出光の組み合わせにない測定を行うためには、光計測システムにおける波長分離をかなりの精度で実施する必要のあることがわかってきた。これまで、LEDやキセノンランプ光源と光学フィルターを組み合わせた各種の測定システムを試みてきたが、現状では、今回ターゲットとして想定していた波長領域の検出光を年代測定に応用できるレベルで感知するところにまでは到達できなかった。この原因は、試料とフォトマル検出窓との光学的な位置や、励起光波長特性の分離精度が不十分であったことが大きい。今後、レーザーや光ファイバーの利用などを考慮した新しい計測システムの構築を検討する必要があると考えている。, kaken

  対象リソースIRI
• Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), 2004 - 2006, 16300296, Dating of Quaternary Sediments and Ice Sheets History in East Antarctica, TAKADA Masashi; MAEMOKU Hideaki; YOKOYAMA Yusuke, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Nara Women's University, 7200000, 7200000, We have been studied the stratigraphic relationship between raised beach deposits including in-situ fossil shells and glacial deposits in the Lutzow-Holm Bay region, East Antarctica, to clarify that the Antarctic ice sheet, unlike the northern hemisphere ice sheet, was not the greatest during the marine isotope stage (MIS) 2 but the greatest at the age older than 46 ka. The 46 ka is, however, close to the limit of 14C analysis and sensitive to the effect of contamination. Therefore, ages obtained by other dating methods would be of great help in interpreting those data. For this reason we investigate on optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), electron spin reasonance (ESR) and cosmogenic dates of Quaternary sediments in the Lutzow-Holm Bay region, East Antarctica, to compare them with AMS 14C dates and to discuss on late Pleistocene chronology.
  Though some OSL or cosmogenic ages from our samples dearly differ from 14C ages, most of OSL, 14C, and cosmogenic dates seem to be consistent if we take calibration factors such as reservoir correction into account. While we should make further sophisticated dating experiments, we can reconfirm that the East Antarctic Ice Sheet did not re-advance to the ice-free area on the northernmost part of the Soya Coast during the LGM. There is a possibility that the ice sheet retreated from the area during the period prior to about 50,000 or 80,000 yrBP., kaken

  対象リソースIRI
• Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), 2004 - 2006, 16320113, Basic Study of Revaluation of the Landscapes in Nara Basin, MATSUMOTO Hiroyuki; TOMATSURI Yumio; SOHMA Hidehiro; IDETA Kazuhisa; UCHIDA Tadayoshi; TAKADA Masashi, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Nara Women's University, 7400000, 7400000, This project aims at the reconsideration of the natural and human landscape in the Nara Basin. The members of this research project especially focus on historical development of landscapes and methods of landscape analysis.
  Takada reviews the landscape and topographic features along the Nara Basin Margin Fault System. He also reviews the characteristics of landform and palaeoenvironment at and around the Umami-Ninotani Paleolithic and Jomon site.
  Sohma analyzes three dimensional landscape features of the Nara Basin from satellite images and clarifies that the Asuka region is situated at the center of the SW-NE structural valley between the Y057.0110 and Hatsuse Rivers.
  Ideta, the specialist of ancient study focuses on natural landscapes seen from old main streets(Kamitsu road, Nakatsu road, Simotsu road) in the Nara period. He makes three-dimensional images of natural landscapes(mountains and rivers) seen on their streets by means of PC and analyzes the ways of seeing of ancient people with old song collection(Manyoushuu).
  Tomatsuri considers the successions, or historical development of human landscapes. The representative human landscapes of the Nara Basin in Edo period are the residence plan of small lords and the land use pattern of their vicinity. He restructures the plan of Yanagimoto lord residence and the land use pattern of its vicinity by mean of pictorial maps in the Edo period and compare them with the modem landscapes, especially the pattern of land use.
  Yoshida analyzes the temporal human landscape constructed during the Korean war in the Nara Basin from viewpoint of social geography. Rest and Recuperation Center of American soldiers was established within Nara city and made thrive red-light districts, brothels and street girls. Yoshida develops an unique way of analyzing social space(landscape) gendered by military authorities and government.
  Matsumoto attempts to apply the performative approach to landscapes of everyday life. He analyzes the sensitive meaning of landscapes more than the meaning of landscape as a text in the built environment of Nara city. He digs up a new layer of landscape.
  Obitani (environmental sociologist) considers the conservation of historical and cultural heritages. The oldest capital of Japan, Aska region has many cultural heritages. Residents have a dilemma between conservation of landscapes and economic development. He puts emphasis on decision making of residents., kaken

  対象リソースIRI
• Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), 2003 - 2006, 15200059, Improvement of luminescence and ESR dating and its application to Paleolithic sites in Far East Asia, NAGATOMO Tsuneto; TOYODA Shin; TAKADA Masashi; KANEHARA Masaaki, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), Nara University of Education, 37180000, 28600000, 8580000, (1) Development of a 4-channel (4 detection wavelengths) TL/OSL equipment
  A 4-channel TL/OSL reader was newly designed and its property was examined. Dose dependences of quartz BLSL and feldspar IRSL were examined for different wavelengths.
  Two mg of fine grain, semi-fine grain or coarse grain samples is used for wave-ength check, and the most proper wavelength is used for dating measurements.
  (2) Luminescence dating by the 4-channel TL/OSL equipment and traditional 1-channel TL/OSL reader.
  Japan: Afura shell mound and Aha crop in Okinawa Pref., Takesa-nakahara site, Minami-somine site etc. in Nagano pref., Tephras from Sambe (Shimane Pref.) and Asama (Gunma Pref.).
  Oversea: Morgaon site in India and Hutouliang, Youfang and Xujiayao sites (the Nihewan Bain) in China.
  (3) Several results on luminescence dating were published.
  Japan: Umami-ninootani site (Nara Pref.), Yamadauenodai site (Miyagi Pref.) etc.
  Oversea: Paleolithic sites and geological samples in Imjin and Hantan valley, Korea and Paleolithic sites in Nihewan basin, China.
  (4) Final report of the present research project was published., kaken

  対象リソースIRI
• Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), 2003 - 2006, 15251009, Classification of ruins of the SilkRaods periods in and around Tarim basin, China, focusing on the terrestrial conditions, SOHMA Hidehiro; TATENO Kazumi; IDETA Kazuhisa; TAKADA Masashi; ITO Toshio; OGATA Noboru, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), Nara Women's University, 27040000, 20800000, 6240000, Based on interpretation of Corona satellite photographs, field survey and documentary records, classification of ruins of the Silk Roads periods in and around Tarim basin, China, is dicrussed, focusing on the terrestrial condition. Results are summarized as follows:
  Terrestrial conditions of the present large oases are divided into the piedmont alluvial fan type (P type), the alluvial fan-riparian type (P-R type) and the delta type (D type).
  Terrestrial conditions of the wall-surrounded ruins, in relation with the present large oasis on the alluvial fan along the same river course, are classified into the inside type situated inside of the same city, the extended or neighboring type on the same alluvial fan area, and the far distant type isolated to the lower reaches more than hundred kilometers. Among the extended or neighboring type, some ruins are situated on the relatively higher surfaces compared with the present oases.
  Factors controlling relationships between the ruins and the present oasis city above mentioned, are the plane pattern of the river course after passed through the piedmont fan area, the position in relation with directions of the drifting sand from the Taklimakan desert, and tectonic movements such as the active fault and active warping as the basic factor, in addition to the amount of the water discharge from the mountain area and its changes former studies already pointed out., kaken

  対象リソースIRI
• Apr. 2003 - Mar. 2004, Principal investigator, ルミネッセンスとESRを用いた地震イベント関連堆積物の年代測定, 高田 将志, 福武学術文化振興財団, 福武学術文化振興財団研究助成, 1000000, 0, 0, Competitive research funding
• 萌芽研究, 2002 - 2004, 14658021, 実験的手法を用いた氷河関運堆積物と地すべり・土石流堆積物の識別方法に関する研究, 高田 将志; 三浦 英樹, 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 萌芽研究, 奈良女子大学, 3600000, 3600000, 本研究では,氷河関連堆積物と地すべり・崩壊・土石流による堆積物の類似点・相違点について,実験的手法を取り入れながら比較検討し明らかにすることを目的とした.このような目的に即して,以下のような成果を得た.
  1)国内で採取されたティルを樹脂固定し作成した薄片の観察結果によると,定性的ではあるが,砕屑物粒子の円磨度にばらつきが大きく,せん断構造や空隙のような,不規則な構造が特徴的にみられる場合があることがわかった.
  2)基盤岩や地すべり土塊から採取した石英粒子に関しては,ある程度安定したESR/ルミネッセンス信号が測定されたが,それらと比べると,ティルのESR/ルミネッセンス信号の場合,ばらつきが大きい傾向がみられる場合があることがわかった.崩壊・土石流堆積物については,試料毎の違いが大きく,統一した傾向の把握にまでは至らなかったので,データを増やして更に分析を進める必要がある.
  3)実験的に,石英粒子に圧力を加え,破壊や磨耗を起こした場合,ESR/ルミネッセンス信号に変化が生じる場合があることがわかったが,系統的な分析を行うためには,さらに実験条件の厳密化などを考える必要があることがわかった.
  以上のようないくつかの定性的な結果が得られたが,当該堆積物の類似点・相違点について系統的に明らかにするためには,今後,より定量的な解析へと研究を深化させる必要がある., kaken

  対象リソースIRI
• Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), 2001 - 2004, 13308003, Comparative Studies on Urban Settlements in the Various Frontier Zones under the Chinese Civilization, TOMATSUI Yumio; SOHMA Hidehiro; IDETA Kazuhisa; NOMA Haruo; TAKADA Masashi; AKITSU Motoki, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Nara Women's University, 28340000, 21800000, 6540000, Based on the former co-operative studies by the staff of department of geography in Nara Women's University, this research project was made about urban settlements in eight frontier zones under the Chinese civilization from various viewpoints of research : historical geography, physical geography, rural geography, cultural geography, social geography, urban geography, cultural anthoropology and regioal sociolgy. It also aims at developing younger women researchers' career.
  During these four years, the project members have made field-surveys in the northern area (the Inner Mongolia), the north-eastern area (Manchuria), the eastern area (South Korea), the south-eastern area (Taiwan and Fujian) and the western area (Uzbekistan) in spite of international conflicts, as well as various areas of Japan. And they have made special speeches and lectures in Asian and American countries. It was worthy of special mention that the international symposium was held at Nara Women's university on November 3, 2004. In the symposium two distinguished geographers came from Belgium and China to give special lectures on urban settlements in China, and nine of project members made lectures on urban settlements in the Chinese frontier zones under their charges to compare those in China, followed by comments from not only three project members but a Japanese and three foreign researchers.
  Then, a final report (380 pages) was compiled and delivered which consists of three parts : the first part is introduction, the second is the final records of the symposium, and the third is fourteen reports on various urban settlements in the various frontier zones under the Chinese civilization, most of which are written by the project members., kaken

  対象リソースIRI
• Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), 2002 - 2003, 14380033, Fluctuation of Antarctic Ice Sheet and environmental change during the late Quaternary, MORIWAKI Kiichi; TAKADA Masashi; IMURA Satoshi; MIURA Hideki, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), National Institute of Polar Research, 7100000, 7100000, 1.The investigate on ESR dating of in situ fossil aragonitic shells from raised beaches in the Lutzow-Holm Bay region to compare ESR ages with ^<14>C dates and to discuss on late Pleistocene chronology. From the ESR ages, the ^<14>C ages (33 -43 ka) seem to be underestimated and to be much closer to the marine isotope stage (MIS) 4-5 or MIS 6-7 rather than to MIS 3.
  2.Amino acid chronology was applied also for the same samples of molluscan shell. Amino acid ages range from 212 ka to 414 ka, if they have been experienced constant condition of -10ーC. These ages are the oldest age among ^<14>C age, ESR age and amino acid age.
  3.Glacial erratics as well as bedrock samples from Mt.Riiser-Larsen were collected for Cosmogenic Radio Nuclides (CRN) dating. The results of the CRN dating are approximately 50ka that is consistent with the TL and radiocarbon age results from the lake sediments in the coastal site. The lowest glacial erratics recovered from 290m in altitude show the minimum CRN age of 24ka indicating the timing of the final melting of the ice sheet in this area. Given that the trimline at the Mt.Riiser-Larsen indicates the maximum height of the most recent episode of expansion of the ice sheet, EAIS in this area experienced 2 distinct events of retreat since about 50ka to the Holocene., kaken

  対象リソースIRI
• Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), 1999 - 2001, 11691173, Life Zone Ecology of the Bhutan Himaraya III, OHSAWA Masahiko; TAKADA Masashi; EGUCHI Takashi, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, 15910000, 14500000, 1410000, Altitudinal patterns in clhimatologjcal, geomorphological, and ecological features of the Bhutanese life-zones were studied in a range of c. 1000-3500 m a.s.l. during 1999-2001. Temperature and moisture conditions were recorded in data loggers and obtained complete year round data from September 1999 to August 2001 along Tsang Chu. Temperature lapse rate was varied by the topographical situation of the measuring sites in a range of 0.57-0.62 C/100m. The lapse rate is larger in dry season (April) and smaller in monsoon rain season reflecting relative humidity. Mass movement is extremely active in the Bhutan Himalaya. Land slides took place by shearing on a bedding plane in the area underlain by metamorphic rocks. As the consequences river channels shift in the dip direction of the bedding plane and asymmetric valleys have developed. Vegetation zonation along altihidinal series were studied along Gasa series, Lobesa series, and Seagor-Lingmethang series. Gasa series mainly focused on topographical diversification within each life zone, Lobesa series had clear zonation from dry valley bottom to humid mountain cloud forests on ridges. From warm/dry Pinus roxburghii forests, mid-altitudinal Quercus griffithii/Q. lanata forests, Quercus glauca /Q. semecarpifolia forests, and Isuga dumosa forests and Abies densa forests above 2700 m. One third of the Bhutanese agricultural fields are maintained as shifting cultivation, and the sites are interesting for their secondary succession during fallow periods. There are two types of shifting cultivation in Bhutan, grass fallow (pangshing) of five year fallow and forest fallow (tseri) of 12 year fallow periods. For the former, we did in Bumthang, and for the latter in Shemgang, both place are the major area for both each types of shifting cultivation. In both sites we analyzed vegetation succession and soil developments, and found critical conditions for the sustainable managements for the system., kaken

  対象リソースIRI
• Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), 1999 - 2001, 11480017, Analysis of environmental changes based on satellite images and satellite photos of high resolution, SOHMA Hidehiro; NOMA Haruo; IDETA Kazuhisa; TOMATSURI Yomio; OGATA Noboru; TAKADA Masashi, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Nara Women's University, 7000000, 7000000, In this research, environmental changes and reconstruction of former landscapes in various regions were investigated based on the interpretation of recently declassified intelligence satellite (Corona Satellite) photographs from U.S. Geological Survey, of maximum ground resolution in 2-3 meters and being able to obtain 3 dimensional image. In addition, satellite images of LANDSAT TM and SPOT were also used. And following results were obtained ;
  1) In the Turpan Basin, Northwest part of China, the precise locations of the wall surrounded castle towns and their circumference ruins, such as watchtowers and Buddhism temples, and their terrestrial conditions were investigated. Differences in terrestrial conditions of main ruins became clear, and the karez system in the basin was considered to be started at the Turpan oasis from 15^ Century.
  2) General characteristics of landforms along the main valleys in western Bhutan and hazards of natural disaster due to mass movement and a flood were discussed based on landform changes detected from photo-interpretation and field survey.
  3) Based on an old map drawn in 1862 and large scale aerial photographs, land use change at the Site of Fortified Magistrate's Office at Hakodate built in the Middle of 19th Century in Hokkaido has been discussed.
  4) Characteristics the ancient Mesopotamian cities and detail cities plan of the Taxila ruins in the eastern part of the Peshawar Basin, Pakistan were discussed based on interpretation of Corona satellite photographs.
  5) Characteristics of resent decrease of the water area surrounding the Lake Dongting of China has changed from filling up the branches of the Yangtze River to land reclamation by drainage., kaken

  対象リソースIRI
• Apr. 1999 - Mar. 2000, Principal investigator, 光励起ルミネッセンス（OSL）法によるローム（火山灰土）層の直接的年代測定, 高田 将志, 稲盛財団, 稲盛財団研究助成金, 0, 0, 0, Competitive research funding
• Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), 1997 - 1998, 09680183, Fluctuation of Antarctic Ice Sheet and historical development of landforms during Quaternary, MORIWAKI Kiichi; TAKADA Masashi; NOGI Yoshifumi; MIURA Hideki, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, National Institute of Polar Research, 2800000, 2800000, 1. Around the Lutzow-Holm Bay region The East Antarctic Ice Sheet had retreated from the ice-free rocks in the northernmost part of Soya Coast by the late Pleistocene, probably the last interstadial, on the basis of the AMS ^<14>C dating, and marine transgression had occurred there. Although the absolute high sea level during that period is unknown, the relative sea level reached at least 10 m above the present sea level. Melting of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet during the last interstadial had been conspicuously active judging from the delta^<18>O (PDB) values of fossil shells.
  During the LGM, sea level had fallen ; however, the East Antarctic Ice Sheet did not re-advance, at least on to the ice-free rocks on the northernmost part of the Soya Coast.
  Probably after the LGM, meltwater process became active, then partially eroded the former raised beach and formed fluvial deposits. The East Antarctic Ice Sheet retreated from the present ice-free rocks along the Soya Coast by the middle of the Holocene.
  Holocene marine transgression occurred from 3,000 yBP to 7,200 yBP in ^<14>C age. High sea level had reached at least 20 m asl without taking isostatic rebound into consideration. The transgression was probably interrupted by minor regressions. Relatively stable sea-level period occurred twice, around 20 m and 11 m above the present sea level. Melting of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet during the Holocene transgression was less active than during the last interstadial, judging from the delta^<18>O (PDB) values of fossil shells.
  2. Around the Amundsen Bay region
  AMS ^<14>C date, from the lake sediment core in the Mt.Riiser-Larsen region, indicates that relative sea-level at the region has been lower than 23 m since 10,000 yBP., kaken

  対象リソースIRI
• Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research, 1997 - 1998, 09041146, Comparative Ecological Study on Subtropical Forest in Canary, OHSAWA Masahiko; WILDPRET Wolfredo; TAKADA Masashi; EGUCHI Takashi; NAKAMURA Yukito; OHTSUKA Toshiyuki; ARCO Marcelino Del, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Chiba University, 13400000, 13400000, Anaga cloud forests are the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests (so-called laurisilva) developed in the cloud zone of Tenerife, the Canary Islands. The forest-interior was humid conditions of Ca. 90 % RH throughout the year, though the humidity fluctuated depending on the wind direction and the height of trade-wind inversion layer. Soil moisture and nutrient conditions were changed gradually along the topographical habitat (ridge, slope, and valley) ; ridge habitat had high C/N ratio, lower NO_3 concentration, and high pF value comparing to those in valley. Depending on the soil and atmospheric conditions (strong wind, etc.), tree height and leaf-size were small at ridge habitat compared to those in valley. Statistics for all the evergreen broad-leaved tree species found in Anaga forest, most abundant tree traits were hypsophyllary-bud type (82.3 %) and notopyll-class leaf (47 %). These features support the notion that the evergreen cloud forest trees in the Canaries are the relic of the Tertiary tropical/subtropical humid forests once spreading much wider areas surrounding Thethys., kaken

  対象リソースIRI
• Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), 1996 - 1997, 08680188, DATING OF QUATERNARY SEDIMENTS BY LUMINESCENCE TECHNIQUE, NAGATOMO Tsuneto; TAKADA Masashi; HIRAGA Shozo, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, NARA UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION, 2400000, 2400000, In 1996 : The following OSL properties were examined using quartz and feldspar course grains and fine grain samples ;
  (1) Optical nleaching ; OSL intensity is 25% of initial intensity after 3-min exposure to 6000Lx sun light for fine grain sample from the Lake Ogawara,
  (2) Temperature dependence of OSL intensity ; OSL intensity is intense with temperature, but unstable at the temperature higher than 90ﾟC.
  (3) Intensity of OSL stimulated by 514nm and 860nm lights ; smoky quarts emit OSL by 860nm besides 514nm lights,
  (4) TL after OSL measurement ; TL intensity after OSL measurements is strong enough to be applied for dating.
  In 1997 : The following supplementary tests were made :
  (1) Unstable fraction of OSL which is bleached by 50ﾟC,24h storage is related to an electron center which gives TL at about 160ﾟC,
  (2) Dose dependence of quartz OSL differs from that of TL at high temperature region,
  (3) Dose dependence of OSL is not necessarily linear,
  (4) OSLs by 514 nm and 860nm excitation did not give the same ages. Above results were obtained from the data for lake sediment (Lake Ogawara) and sediments from Paleolithic sites (Sodehara, Toyama, Harase-kasahari, Ustinovka ets.).
  The OSL age obtained for Ustinovka site are 7300 year for the siteIII 3rd layr, 10050 year for the siteIII 4th layr and 18600 year for the site VI 4th layr., kaken

  対象リソースIRI
• Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), 1994 - 1997, 06401017, Comparative Studies on Castle Towns in Eurasia, TOMATSURI Yumio; TAKADA Masashi; OGATA Noboru; NOMA Haruo; IDETA Kazuhisa; SOHMA Hidehiro, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Nara Women's University, 14600000, 14600000, Based on the former co-operative studies by the staff of department of geograpny in Nara Women's university (1979-1995), this research was made about castle towns in East Asia, South-east Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, West Asia and Europe, from a fiewpoint of historical geography. we used not only many research papers but various maps, air-photographs and satellite images. Main subjects of the research are as follows :
  (1) Spatial arrangement of Castles named Gusuku in Okinawa Island
  (2) Late-medieval Castles surrounded with water in Lake Biwa, Japan
  (3) Spatial development of castle towns in China
  (4) Distribution of historical ruins of oases in Turfan Basin and Tarim Basin
  (5) Locations of walled cities and fortresses in East Asia and south-east Asia, especially in eastern Himalayas
  (6) Grid-patterned cities and Hellenistic colonies in west Asia
  (7) Distribution of castle towns in the Netherlands and their reformation in the present
  In order to examine the above-mentioned subject in comparison with Japanese castle towns, we could offer many various maps and photos (in full-colored and mono-colored) in various scales all over Eurasia. We firmly believe that these maps and photos will be very usuful to comparative studies of castle towns in the future., kaken

  対象リソースIRI
• Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B), 1994 - 1995, 06451136, Studies on landscape analysis by means of large scale aerial photographs, OGATA Noboru; TAKADA Masashi; IDETA Kazuhisa; SOHMA Hidehiro; TOMATSURI Yumio; TAKEHISA Yoshihiko, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Nara Women's University, 6000000, 6000000, Aerial photographs.as a tool for geographical studies, have advantage to grasp landscape of wide distribution and also to analyze interrelation between elements consisting the landscape. Sometimes, however.precise analysis of aerial photographic images is needed in the geographical interpretation. This research aims at studying small or micro images of geographical features on the large scale aerial photographs. Stereoscopic observation of enlarged images are also applied assisted by zoom stereoscopes.
  Researches have been made on such geographical features as micro landforms of moor, landslide, scarplet due to active fault, historical landscapes of the ancient and middle ages.irrigation systems and agricultural aspects. Image analysis by means of application of remote sensing technique have also been studied., kaken

  対象リソースIRI
• 1995, Quaternary Environment Changes and Natural Disaster, 0, 0, 0, Competitive research funding
• 1990, ESP・TL・OSL Dating of Quaternary Sediments, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, 0, 0, 0, Competitive research funding
• 1989, Quaternary Environmental History of the Bhutan Himalaya, 0, 0, 0, Competitive research funding
• 1989, Quaternary Environmental History of the Himalayas and Antarctica, 0, 0, 0, Competitive research funding
• 1983, Geohistory of Mountain Landforms in the Japanese Archipelagoes, 0, 0, 0, Competitive research funding
• Dating Studies, 0, 0, 0, Competitive research funding
• 奨励研究(A), 1997 - 1998, 09780135, Principal investigator, 氷河関連堆積物の直接的年代測定に関する基礎研究
• 奨励研究(A), 1996 - 1997, 08780141, Principal investigator, 衛星画像解析によるブ-タンヒマラヤにおける氷河変動と氷河湖決壊洪水