佐藤　宏明SATO Hiroakiサトウ　ヒロアキ

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プロフィール情報

• 姓

  佐藤, サトウ

• 名

  宏明, ヒロアキ

学位

• 学術博士, 北海道大学

研究キーワード

• 昆虫分類学、動物生態学、群集生態学、動物行動学、進化生態学、

研究分野

• ライフサイエンス, 進化生物学
• ライフサイエンス, 多様性生物学、分類学
• ライフサイエンス, 生態学、環境学

経歴

• 1998年10月, 奈良女子大学 助（准）教授

学歴

• 1984年04月, 1987年03月, 北海道大学, 環境科学研究科, 環境保全学
• 1978年03月, 1982年03月, 北海道大学, 理学部, 生物学科 動物学専攻

担当経験のある科目（授業）

• 群集生態学セミナーⅠ, 奈良女子大学
• 群集生態学演習Ⅱ, 奈良女子大学
• 地球環境生物学セミナーⅢ, 奈良女子大学
• 地球環境生物学セミナーⅠ, 奈良女子大学
• 生態学概論Ｂ, 奈良女子大学
• 個体・集団生物学特論１, 奈良女子大学
• なら学, 奈良女子大学
• 群集生態学演習Ⅰ, 奈良女子大学
• 生物環境科学特論３, 奈良女子大学
• 展開実習Ⅰ, 奈良女子大学
• 生命圏の地球化学, 奈良女子大学
• 生物環境統計学, 奈良女子大学
• 基礎生物学実習Ⅰ, 奈良女子大学
• 生物環境科学基礎演習ⅠA, 奈良女子大学
• 生物環境科学基礎実習ⅠA, 奈良女子大学
• 河川生物学野外実習, 奈良女子大学
• 環境科学概論, 奈良女子大学
• 生物科学方法論, 奈良女子大学
• 生態学実習, 奈良女子大学
• 生物学特論９, 奈良女子大学
• 生物学特論１, 奈良女子大学
• 生物科学英語, 奈良女子大学
• 地球環境生物学, 奈良女子大学
• 地球環境生物学セミナー III, 奈良女子大学
• 地球環境生物学セミナー I, 奈良女子大学
• 地球環境生物学特論 I, 奈良女子大学
• 環境, 奈良女子大学
• 生物学特別講義Ⅴ, 奈良女子大学
• 奈良の歴史と自然環境, 奈良女子大学
• 生物進化学, 奈良女子大学
• 生態学実習II, 奈良女子大学
• 進化生物学, 奈良女子大学
• 地球環境生物学セミナーⅡ, 奈良女子大学
• 地球環境生物学特論Ⅱ, 奈良女子大学
• 動物形態分類学実習, 奈良女子大学
• 生物学方法論, 奈良女子大学
• 卒業研究II, 奈良女子大学
• 地球環境生物学実習, 奈良女子大学
• 保全生物学, 奈良女子大学
• 生物多様性論演習, 奈良女子大学
• 生物多様性論, 奈良女子大学
• 地球環境生物学セミナーⅣ, 奈良女子大学
• 卒業研究I, 奈良女子大学
• 生物学特別講義XIII, 奈良女子大学
• 生物学実験II, 奈良女子大学
• 基礎生物学実習I, 奈良女子大学
• 水圏生物学野外実習, 奈良女子大学
• 進化学, 奈良女子大学
• 生物統計学, 奈良女子大学

所属学協会

• 日本生態学会
• 日本昆虫学会
• 日本応用動物昆虫学会
• 日本アフリカ学会
• Entomological Society of America

Ⅱ．研究活動実績

論文

• 査読あり, 英語, Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, Elsevier, A new species of the Phyllonorycter nipponicella complex (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), with a note about the evolutionary history of the complex, 2023年, 16, 360, 371, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2023.04.006
• 査読あり, その他, Oecologia, Intense browsing by sika deer (Cervus nippon) drives the genetic differentiation of hairy nettle (Urtica thunbergiana) populations, Tetsuo I. Kohyama; Mei Yoshida; Masahito T. Kimura; Hiroaki Sato, 2021年08月24日, 196, 4, 1095, 1106, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, 10.1007/s00442-021-04988-7

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• 査読あり, その他, European Journal of Entomology, Differences in the niches of keratin/chitin feeding moths (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) in bird nests in central Japan, Hiroaki SATO; Yoshitsugu NASU; Shiro MURAHAMA; Hiroyuki MATSUMURO; Keisuke UEDA, 2019年11月27日, 116, 442, 449, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, 10.14411/eje.2019.045

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• 査読あり, 英語, Plant Ecology, Differences in flowering phenology, architecture, sexual expression and resource allocation between a heavily haired and a lightly haired nettle population: relationships with sika deer, Rieko Hirata; Naoko Wasaka; Aiko Fujii; Teiko Kato; Hiroaki Sato, 2019年02月, 220, 2, 255, 266, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, 10.1007/s11258-019-00910-7

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• 査読あり, 英語, Applied Entomology and Zoology, Reduction of sooty mold damage through biocontrol of the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) using selective insecticides in tomato cultivation greenhouses, 佐藤宏明, 2018年06月, 53, 395?402
• 査読あり, 英語, Ecosphere, Differential performace of red admiral butterflies on variants of Japanese nettle populations under intese versus low pressure from sika deer., 佐藤宏明, 2017年01月, 8, e01568
• 査読あり, 英語, ZOOKEYS, A review of the Japanese species of the family Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera), Shigeki Kobayashi; Hiroaki Sato; Nagao Hirano; Kazutaka Yamada; Toshiya Hirowatari, This paper provides taxonomic and biological data on one new and one newly recorded species of Coptotriche Walsingham and one new and one newly recorded species of Tischeria Zeller from Japan. Coptotriche symplocosella Kobayashi & Hirowatari, sp. n. (host Symplocos lucida, Symplocaceae), and Tischeria kumatai Sato, Kobayashi & Hirowatari, sp. n. (host Tilia japonica, Malvaceae) are described. The pupal morphology of C. symplocosella is illustrated with scanning electron micrographs. Coptotriche minuta Diskus & Stonis, 2014 and Tischeria relictana Ermolaev, 1986 are newly recorded from Japan. The female, hostplants (Carpinus, Corylus, and Ostrya species), and immature stages of C. minuta and the adult features, female, and hostplants (Betula species) of T. relictana are described with photographs and drawings for the first time. Mine types and characters of Japanese Tischeriidae are reviewed with photographs., 2016年, 601, 601, 127, 151, 10.3897/zookeys.601.7782

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• 査読あり, 英語, Ecological Research, Stinging hairs on the Japanese nettle Urtica thunbergiana have a defensive function against mammalian but not insect herbivores, Misaki Iwamoto; Chika Horikawa; Megumi Shikata; Naoko Wasaka; Teiko Kato; Hiroaki Sato, Thorns and hairs of plants can serve as defenses against herbivores, although they may not have evolved under selection by herbivory. Japanese nettles, Urtica thunbergiana, in Nara Park, Nara Prefecture, Japan, where sika deer have been protected for 1200 years, bear many more stinging hairs than those in areas with few or no deer. Previous studies suggested that such hairy nettles evolved under natural selection imposed by intense deer browsing, because stinging hairs deterred deer browsing and because among-population variation in hair density was associated with deer abundance. To confirm this hypothesis, we examined (1) whether stinging hairs affected oviposition and feeding preferences of herbivorous insects and (2) the degree to which they deterred deer via laboratory and field experiments with hairy nettles from Nara Park and with almost-hairless nettles from another area. A specialist butterfly, Indian red admiral, showed no oviposition or larval feeding preferences for either hairy or hairless nettles. Insect damage levels did not significantly differ between the two variants. In contrast, deer browsed hairless nettles more heavily than hairy ones. In hairy nettles, however, the level of deer browsing was not proportional to stinging-hair density, presumably because the hairy nettle population had reached a plateau for resistance as a result of long-term strong directional selection for stinging hairs. These results corroborate the hypothesis that hairy nettles in Nara Park evolved through natural selection under intense deer browsing. © 2014 The Ecological Society of Japan., 2014年, 29, 3, 455, 462, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, 10.1007/s11284-014-1137-2

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• 査読あり, 英語, Ecological Research, Among-population variation in resistance traits of a nettle and its relationship with deer habitat use frequency, Megumi Shikata; Teiko Kato; Ei'ich Shibata; Hiroaki Sato, Because leaf hairs serve as resistance against herbivores, among-population variation in hair production may arise from adaptation to local herbivore communities. It is possible that Japanese nettle (Urtica thunbergiana) shows among-population variation in stinging hair abundance that is associated with the frequency of habitat use by sika deer (Cervus nippon). We examined 31-32 individuals of each of 19 populations for leaf area, stinging hair number (/leaf) and stinging hair density (per square centimeter) in and away from Nara Park (6.6 km2), where many deer have been protected for 1,200 years. At each site we also measured deer habitat use frequency, light intensity and soil fertility as environmental factors potentially affecting leaf traits. We analyzed our hierarchical data at the levels of individuals and populations using multilevel structural equation modeling. Leaf area had a positive direct effect on stinging hair number at the individual level but no significant effect at the population level. At the population level, deer habitat use frequency had a negative direct effect on leaf area and positive direct effects on stinging hair number and density, generating a negative indirect correlation between leaf area and stinging hair number. Light intensity had a negative direct effect on leaf area, while soil fertility had no significant effect on any trait. These results suggest that the relationships between leaf area and stinging hair number at the two levels do not align. We discussed what processes were involved in the effects of environmental factors on leaf traits. © 2012 The Ecological Society of Japan., 2013年, 28, 2, 207, 216, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, 10.1007/s11284-012-1007-8

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• 査読あり, 英語, ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA, Early Leaf Abscission Has Little Effect on Larval Mortality of Ectoedemia cerviparadisicola (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae) Associated With Quercus gilva, Yukari Shinozaki; Ayaka Yamamoto; Masako Oishi; Hiroaki Sato, There has been an argument as to whether early leaf abscission substantially affects larval mortality of leafminers because of leaf senescence. Recently, a study reported that leaf abscission considerably increased the mortality of a leafminer (Ectoedemia cerviparadisicola Sato, sp. nov.) associated with Quercus gilva (Blume) in Nara Park, central Japan, where sika deer (Cervus nippon (Temminck)) have been protected for 1,200 yr, because deer consumed many abscised leaves containing living larvae. The study, however, did not investigate the life history of the leafminer or survey the leaf-fall pattern of Q. gilva through the season, so that it failed to quantify larval mortality because of deer predation. To test whether deer have a substantial effect on larval mortality of this leafminer, we regularly collected abscised and nonabscised leaves of Q. gilva through the season, examining mines and larvae in those leaves. Over 90% of mined leaves abscised in the period of peak leaf fall, when almost all larvae had already emerged from mines to pupate. Most dead larvae in abscised leaves were judged to have already died at the time of abscission from their instars and body features. The proportion of living larvae in abscised leaves was estimated to be <1.8%. Thus, even when deer preyed upon all living larvae in abscised leaves, they would hardly contribute to the increase in larval mortality. These results indicate that the effect of leaf abscission on leafminer mortality via deer predation and other causes is limited. The leafminer was described as new to science in the Appendix., 2012年07月, 105, 4, 572, 581, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, 10.1603/AN11185

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• 査読あり, 英語, JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH, Differences in leafminer (Phyllonorycter, Gracillariidae, Lepidoptera) and aphid (Tuberculatus, Aphididae, Hemiptera) composition among Quercus dentata, Q. crispula, Q. serrata, and their hybrids, Yoshihiro Hata; Takuto Hashiba; Takashi Nakamura; Masashi Kitamura; Takahide A. Ishida; Shin-ichi Akimoto; Hiroaki Sato; Masahito T. Kimura, Leafminer (Phyllonorycter, Gracillariidae, Lepidoptera) and aphid (Tuberculatus, Aphididae, Hemiptera) composition were studied in three deciduous oak species, Quercus dentata, Q. crispula, and Q. serrata, and their hybrids in Tomakomai Experimental Forest of Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, northern Japan. Identification of trees in this forest was done mainly on the basis of discriminant analysis on leaf morphology with reference to trees in pure Q. dentata and Q. crispula stands and a Q. serrata stand mixed with Q. crispula. The results suggested that hybridization occurred in all combinations (i.e. Q. dentata-Q. crispula, Q. crispula-Q. serrata, and Q. serrata-Q. dentata) and the frequency of hybrids was approximately 10%. The composition of Phyllonorycter and Tuberculatus species differed between Q. dentata and Q. crispula or Q. serrata, but did not differ between Q. crispula and Q. serrata. Thus, Q. dentata could differ from Q. crispula and Q. serrata in chemical properties that determine herbivore host selection, survival, and performance, possibly reflecting eco-physiological differences or phylogenetic distances. The study insects were divided into three groups: species specialized to Q. dentata (three Phyllonorycter and one Tuberculatus species), those to Q. crispula and Q. serrata (six Phyllonorycter and two Tuberculatus species), and a species collected at least from Q. dentata and Q. crispula (one Tuberculatus species). Putative hybrid trees of Q. dentata and Q. crispula harbored both Q. dentata-specific and Q. crispula-specific insects., 2011年08月, 16, 4, 309, 318, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, 10.1007/s10310-010-0230-9

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• 査読あり, 日本語, 保全生態学研究, 日本生態学会, ニホンジカが高密度に生息する奈良県大台ヶ原に置ける1983?2001年の植生変化．, 佐藤宏明; 横田岳人他, With increasing numbers of sika deer Cervus nippon, primary forests have declined considerably since the 1980s on the Ohdaigahara Subalpine Plateau, central Japan. However, a comprehensive survey of the vegetation on the plateau has not been conducted since 1983. Therefore, in 2001, we surveyed the vegetation on the plateau in 197, 20×20-m quadrats, analyzed species composition using the phytosociological methodology, and generated a vegetation map. After 1983, Carici-Piceetum jezoensis var. hondoensis rhododendretosum quinquefolii and associated Sasa nipponica extended their ranges in the eastern part of the plateau, whereas Abieti homolepidis-Fagetum crenatae sasetosum borealis expanded in western areas. In the eastern region of the plateau, Rhododendron quinquefolium, which was rarely browsed by sika deer, became prominent, the areas with few P. jezoensis trees increased, and the forest floor became densely covered with Sasa nipponica, which is highly tolerant of sika deer browsing. In the western region, Sasamorpha borealis, which had previously covered the forest floor, was replaced by Skimmia japonica, which is not preferred by sika deer., 2009年11月, 14, 2, 263-278, 278

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• 査読あり, 英語, Journal of the Lepidopterist's Society, Life histroy traits, larval habits and larval morphology of a leafminer, Coptotriche japoniella (Tischeriidae), on an evergreen tree, Eurya japonica (Theaceae)., 佐藤宏明, 2009年06月, 63, 2, 93-99
• 査読あり, 英語, ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY, Population dynamics of leafminers on a deciduous oak Quercus dentata, Takashi Nakamura; Kouhei Hattori; Takahide A. Ishida; Hiroaki Sato; Masahito T. Kimura, Population dynamics of leafminers on a deciduous oak Quercus dentata, were studied for 9 years in northern Japan. Most leafminers in the study site were bivoltine, while a gregarious Stigmella species was univoltine. Many leafminers showed species-specific patterns of population fluctuations. in the major bivoltine leafminers (Phyllonorycter, solitary Stigmella and Caloptilia species), the densities of autumn generation mines were highly correlated with those of summer generation mines when analysed on the basis of the densities at the early developmental stage. Thus, their mortality and egg productivity in this phase (i.e., from late June to early September) varied only a little from year to year. In Phyllonorycter, however, correlation of densities between these two generations became lower when analysed on the basis of the densities at the tissue-feeding stage, suggesting that their mortality from the early developmental stage to the tissue-feeding stage in the autumn generation varied from year to year. Regression analyses suggest that yearly variation in precipitation in July and August was responsible for this variation. Correlations of densities between the autumn generation and the summer generation of the next year in the major leafminers were not high. Thus, their mortality and/or egg productivity in this phase (i.e., from September to June of the next year) varied from year to year. Regression analyses suggest that climatic factors that affected the population dynamics in this phase varied among the leafminers, except some factors have been suggested to be commonly effective in the two Phyllonorycter species. Density-dependent effects were not explicit in the population dynamics of the present leafminers. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS., 2008年11月, 34, 3, 259, 265, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, 10.1016/j.actao.2008.03.008

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• 査読あり, 英語, ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY, Guild Structure and Coexistence Mechanisms in the Parasitoid Assemblage Associated with a Leafminer, Coptotriche japoniella (Lepidoptera, Tischeriidae), on an Evergreen Tree, Eurya japonica (Theaceae), Masako Oishi; Hiroaki Sato, The parasitoid assemblage associated with it lepidopteran leafminer, Coptotriche Japoniella (Tischeriidae), on an evergreen tree, Eurya Japonica (Theaceae), was studied in the center of Japan to explore parasitoid coexistence mechanisms. The leafminer supported 12 parasitoid species. Eight abundant or common species were classified into five guilds according to their koinobiont/idiobiont mode and host-instar utilization pattern: early larval koinobiont, mid-larval idiobiont, mid-larval-late idiobiont, late larval-pupal idiobiont, and pupal idiobiont. The early larval koinobiont (Orgilus Kunatai) and mid-larval idiobiont (Achrysocharoides sp.) seemed to be specialized on the host, whereas the members of the other guilds had a wide host range. The mid-larval-late larval (Cirrospilus diallus and Pnigalio sp.) or late larval-pupal idiobionts (Chrysocharis albipes, Apleurotropis kumatai, and Pleurotroppopsis japonica) facultatively hyperparasitized half of spinning larvae or pupae of the early larval koinobiont. These results suggest that parasitoid coexistence in this assemblage is greatly promoted by high levels of facultative hyperparasitism by idiobiouts with wide host ranges on the dominant koinobiont., 2008年10月, 37, 5, 1231, 1240, 研究論文（学術雑誌）
• 査読あり, 英語, Mammal Study, Application of fecal pellet group count to sika deer (Cervus nippon) population monitoring on Mt. Ohdaigahara, central Japan, Roku Goda; Masaki Ando; Hiroaki Sato; Ei'Ichi Shibata, The relationship between the number of fecal pellet groups found in line transects and estimates of deer density based on block counts on Mt. Ohdaigahara in central Japan was examined and the validity of fecal pellet group counts for obtaining an index of sika deer population density was assessed. Sika deer population densities estimated by block count were 13.0km2 in spring, 18.3km2 in summer and 19.0km2 in autumn. Fecal pellet group counts showed low positive correlations with deer density in spring and autumn (0.69 in spring and 0.68 in autumn), but not in summer, indicating that deer density may not be predictable then. We suggest that fecal pellet group count reflects deer density in spring or autumn, and might be feasible as an index of deer population density. © the Mammalogical Society of Japan., 2008年09月, 33, 3, 93, 97, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, 10.3106/1348-6160(2008)33[93:AOFPGC]2.0.CO;2

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• 査読あり, 英語, ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH, The evolution of nettle resistance to heavy deer browsing, Teiko Kato; Kiyoshi Ishida; Hiroaki Sato, We examined whether heavy browsing by sika deer, Cervus nippon Temminck, changed morphological characteristics of a Japanese nettle, Urtica thunbergiana Sieb. et Zucc., in Nara Park, where a large population of sika deer has been maintained for more than 1,200 years. Wild nettles of Nara Park exhibited smaller leaf area, 11-223 times more stinging hairs per leaf, and 58-630-times higher stinging hair densities than those of other areas where there was no evidence of sika deer browsing. There were no significant differences in stinging hair length between the areas. Nettles from Nara Park that were cultivated from seeds in a greenhouse retained a larger number and higher density of stinging hairs. In the field, nettles of Nara Park were less frequently browsed by sika deer and showed higher survivorship than nettles that were transplanted from an unbrowsed area into Nara Park. These results indicate that: (1) the U. thunbergiana population of Nara Park has an extremely high stinging hair density compared with those of unbrowsed areas; (2) this characteristic has a genetic basis, and (3) stinging hairs serve as a defensive structure against sika deer, contributing to an increase in survivorship. Thus, we conclude that a U. thunbergiana population in Nara Park, with extremely high stinging hair densities, has evolved through natural selection due to heavy browsing by sika deer., 2008年03月, 23, 2, 339, 345, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, 10.1007/s11284-007-0387-7

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• 査読あり, 英語, ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY, Inhibition of premature leaf abscission by a leafminer and its adaptive significance, Masako Oishi; Hiroaki Sato, We tested the possibility that a lepidopteran leafminer, Coptotriche japoniella Puplesis and Diskus, inhibits the host plant Eurya japonica Thunberg from abscising mined leaves prematurely to increase its survivorship in immature stage. We monitored abscission patterns of mined leaves with sacrificed larvae, mined leaves with living larvae, and unmined leaves from April to July 2004 and 2005 until leafminers emerged as adults. Unmined leaves rarely abscised before July. Mined leaves with sacrificed larvae fell at a constant rate after May, abscising significantly more than unmined leaves. In contrast, mined leaves with living larvae rarely fell before adult emergence; afterward they abscised rapidly. We also examined larval/pupal survivorship and mortalitv sources on the ground and trees after leafminers completed larval development. Leafminers on the ground suffered a higher mortality from predation than those on trees, and thus they emerged as adults on the ground less successfully. These findings suggest that the leafminer C. japoniella prevents the host plant front abscising mined leaves prematurely until adult emergence, thereby increasing their survivorship., 2007年12月, 36, 6, 1504, 1511, 研究論文（学術雑誌）
• 査読あり, 英語, BASIC AND APPLIED ECOLOGY, Group size of feeding stream case-bearing caddisfly grazers and resource abundance, Izumi Katano; Hiromune Mitsuhashi; Yu Isobe; Hiroaki Sato; Tadashi Oishi, Several herbivorous insects are known to benefit from feeding in groups; however, little is known about (1) the resource conditions under which herbivorous insects perform group feeding and (2) the optimum population size to get any benefits by group feeding, for example, in terms of growth performance. To test the hypotheses that the benefits from group feeding change with resource level and population size, we performed field investigations and an enclosure experiment using the grazer caddisfly larva Micrasema quadriloba. The field investigations revealed aggregated distributions of larvae (indicator of aggregation, 1(delta) = 4.1 +/- 1.55, aggregated density: 12.7 +/- 5.3 individuals per 3.1 x 3.1 cm(2) (mean +/- 1 SD) when periphyton was abundant on stream cobbles and random distributions (I-delta = 1.0 +/- 0.11) when periphyton was scarce. In the enclosure experiment, the relative-growth rate (RGR) of the larvae at each population size showed different tendencies at high and low periphyton abundance Levels; RGR with abundant periphyton had a convex curve with a peak at intermediate population size, whereas RGR with scarce periphyton decreased linearly with increasing population size. The benefits from group feeding thus changed with resource level; larvae obtained high growth performance by group feeding behavior only when the resource was sufficiently abundant. The present study revealed not only that the optimum group size of larvae increased their growth performance, but also that this optimum group size occurred frequently in the field. We also discuss the mechanisms and benefits of group feeding by case-bearing caddisfly grazers. (C) 2006 Gesellschaft fur Okologie. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved., 2007年, 8, 3, 269, 279, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, 10.1016/j.baae.2006.03.001

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• 査読あり, 英語, SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH, Among-tree variation in leaf traits and herbivore attacks in a deciduous oak, Quercus dentata, Masashi Kitamura; Takashi Nakamura; Kouhei Hattori; Takahide A. Ishida; Satoshi Shibata; Hiroaki Sato; Masahito T. Kimura, Variations in defensive and some other leaf traits were studied in a population of an oak species, Quercus dentata Thunberg, in northern Japan, with reference to attacks by ectophagous herbivores and leafminers. The oak population showed substantial individual variations in concentrations of total phenolics and condensed tannins, nitrogen content, trichome density, leaf area and budburst timing. With the exception of leaf mass per area, which showed a positive relation with leaf toughness and a negative relation with water content, no significant relation was observed between the plant traits studied, suggesting an absence of trade-off or linkage between them. The oaks also showed substantial individual variations in leaf area loss by ectophagous herbivores, densities of major leafminers (Phyllonorycter and Stigmella species) and survival of Phyllonorycter sap-feeding larvae. The density of trichomes showed a significant, negative relation with leaf area loss by ectophagous herbivores, but significant, positive relations with densities of some leafminers. The other leaf traits seldom showed significant relations with herbivore densities or survival. In this oak population, these traits may not have enough variations to be reflected in the abundance and performance of herbivores., 2007年, 22, 3, 211, 218, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, 10.1080/02827580701217893

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• 査読あり, 英語, ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE, Japanese oak silkmoth feeding preference for and performance on upper-crown and lower-crown leaves, M Oishi; T Yokota; N Teramoto; H Sato, We quantified differences in leaf traits between upper and lower crowns of a deciduous oak, Quercus acutissima, and examined feeding preference, consumption and performance of the Japanese oak silkmoth, Antheraea yamamai, for those leaves. Upper-crown leaves had significantly smaller area, larger dry mass per area, greater thickness, lower water content, higher nitrogen content and a higher N/C ratio than lower-crown leaves. When simultaneously offered upper-crown and lower-crown leaves, moth larvae consumed a significantly larger amount of the former. However, when fed with either upper-crown or lower-crown leaves (no choice), they consumed a significantly larger amount of the latter. Female larvae reared on upper-crown leaves had a significantly smaller fresh weight, but attained a significantly larger pupal fresh and dry weight, with a significantly higher relative growth rate than those on lower-crown leaves. Although, like female larvae, male larvae had a significantly smaller fresh weight when reared on upper-crown leaves, they had a significantly larger value only for pupal dry weight. These results suggest that: (i) larvae ingest a greater amount of lower-crown leaves to compensate for the lower nitrogen content of the foliage, resulting in having an excess of water because of the higher water content of the foliage; (ii) feeding preference for upper-crown leaves accords with better performance (with respect to dry pupal weight and relative growth rate) on the foliage; (iii) better performance is explained by a higher nitrogen content and N/C ratio of the upper-crown foliage; and (iv) the effects of leaf quality on performance differ between sexes., 2006年06月, 9, 2, 161, 169, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, 10.1111/j.1479-8298.2006.00163.x

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• 査読あり, 英語, ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE, Reach-scale distribution dynamics of a grazing stream insect, Micrasema quadriloba Martynov (Brachycentridae, Trichoptera), in relation to current velocity and periphyton abundance, Katano, I; H Mitsuhashi; Y Isobe; H Sato; T Oishi, Reach-scale temporal shifts in the distribution of larvae of a grazing caddisfly, Micrasema quadriloba (Brachycentridae), were investigated in a Japanese mountain stream. The larvae showed an aggregated distribution within the reach at the beginning of the immigration, then became randomly dispersed throughout the reach as the immigration progressed. The abundance of periphyton in the reach decreased dramatically with increasing dispersal of the larvae. Simple regression analyses revealed that the stream's flow regime was the most important environmental factor that determined the reach-scale distribution of the larvae and that the relationship between the flow regime and the distribution of the larvae shifted temporally. In addition, our results suggest that only this species of grazing insect, which was dominant in the study reach, controlled the reach-scale abundance of the periphyton., 2005年08月, 22, 8, 853, 860, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, 10.2108/zsj.22.853

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• 査読あり, 英語, MECHANISMS OF AGEING AND DEVELOPMENT, A new mutation in the timing of autogamy in Paramecium tetraurelia, R Komori; H Sato; T Harumoto; Y Takagi, We have isolated a new type of Paramecium tetraurelia mutant, named rie-2, that has a long immaturity period until autogamy. We previously isolated such an autogamy mutant, designated rie-1. These two mutants had some additional common features such as dependence of the occurrence of autogamy on the temperature, involvement of a single recessive gene, lower fission rate and shorter clonal life span. However, rie-2 was considered a new type mutant distinguishable from rie-1 because of their different natures of temperature sensitivity. First, the temperature at which they resembled the wild-type phenotype was low (19 C) in rie-2, although it was high (32 &DEG; C) in rie-1. Second, the clonal life span of rie-2 at 25 &DEG; C was similar to that of the wild-type, but it was extremely shorter at 32 &DEG; C than at 25 &DEG; C, although it was similarly shorter at both temperatures in rie-1. Third, the difference of the fission rate between mutant and wild-type was greater at 32 &DEG; C than at 25 &DEG; C in rie-2, although it was similar at both temperatures in rie-1. This report shows that a gene mutation to elongate the period until sexual maturation does not necessarily assure the long life span. © 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved., 2005年06月, 126, 6-7, 752, 759, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, 10.1016/j.mad.2005.01.010

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• 査読あり, 英語, ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH, Diversity of dung-beetle community in declining Japanese subalpine forest caused by an increasing sika deer population, N Kanda; T Yokota; E Shibata; H Sato, The Ohdaigahara subalpine plateau in Japan has recently suffered a reduction in primary forest land caused by an increasing population of sika deer (Cervus nippon). Deer have debarked many trees, causing die-back, gradually changing the primary forest first to light forest with a floor that is densely covered with sasa grass (Sasa nipponica) and then to S. nipponica grassland. To examine the effects of vegetative transformation on the dung-beetle community, we compared the diversity and abundance of dung-beetle assemblages in the primary forest, transition forest, and S. nipponica grassland using dung-baited pitfall traps. The species richness and species diversity (Shannon-Wiener index) were significantly highest in the primary forest and lowest in the S. nipponica grassland. The evenness (Smith-Wilson index) was highest in the primary forest and nearly equal in the transition forest and S. nipponica grassland. The abundance was apparently greater in the transition forest than in the primary forest and S. nipponica grassland. These results suggest that loss of primary forest resulting from an increasing deer population decreases the diversity of the dung-beetle community while increasing the abundance of dung beetles in the transition forest. Sika deer use transition forests and grasslands more frequently than primary forests as habitat, but an increase in dung supply there does not necessarily increase the diversity or abundance of dung-beetle assemblages., 2005年03月, 20, 2, 135, 141, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, 10.1007/s11284-004-0033-6

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• 査読あり, 日本語, 保全生態学研究, 日本生態学会, 奈良県大台ヶ原における糞粒法によるニホンジカの生息密度推定とその問題点, 佐藤宏明; 神田奈美; 古澤仁美; 横田岳人; 柴田叡弌, 糞粒法によってニホンジカの生息密度を推定するためには,単位面積当たりの糞粒数を測定する他に,1頭1日当たりの排糞回数と排糞粒数,および糞粒消失速度を知る必要がある.しかし,これらの値は地域や植生,季節で異なるにもかかわらず,労力上の問題から他地域で得られた値で代用されている.そこで本研究では奈良県大台ヶ原にて糞粒法による信頼度の高い生息密度推定値を得ることを目指し,2001年5月から11月までの月1回,1頭1回当たりの排糞粒数を調査するとともに,原生林,ササ草地,移行帯の三植生で糞粒消失速度を測定した.原生林とササ草地では固定区画を設定し,月毎の加入糞粒数を数えた.以上の測定値と既存の1頭1日当たりの排糞回数を用いて原生林とササ草地における生息密度を推定した.さらに,糞粒消失速度と気温,降水量,糞虫量との関係も調べた.その結果,糞粒消失速度は植生と季節で大きく異なり,気温,降水量,糞虫量とは無関係であった.これまで報告されている視認にもとづく区画法による生息密度推定値と比較したところ,糞粒法による推定値は過大であり,また植生と季節によっても大きく変動していた.これらの結果をもとに糞粒法による生息密度推定の問題点を検討し,大台ヶ原におけるシカの個体数管理のための望ましい生息数調査法を提案した., 2005年, 10, 2, 185-193, 193

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• 査読あり, 英語, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY, Differentiation and hybridization between Quercus crispula and Q-dentata (Fagaceae): Insights from morphological traits, amplified fragment length polymorphism markers, and leafminer composition, TA Ishida; K Hattori; H Sato; MT Kimura, Quercus crispida and Q. dentata (Fagaceae) are dominant members of cool-temperate forests of Japan and are assumed to hybridize in nature. To characterize and discriminate these two species and their hybrids, we carried out multivariate analysis using several morphological traits and principal coordinate analysis using molecular (amplified fragment length polymorphism [AFLP]) data. Further, we examined the composition of Phyllonorycter species (leafmining insects) on individuals from a mixed forest. Morphological traits and Phyllonorycter composition differ enough in these two oak species to be useful for identification of species and hybrids. AFLP data, however, are less informative because the degree of molecular differentiation between the two species is low. Nine out of 105 individuals from a mixed stand had intermediate morphologies according to the multivariate analysis, and eight out of the nine individuals had intermediate Phyllonorycter composition in either one or both of the two study years. These eight individuals were tentatively assigned as hybrids or backcross individuals, and the remaining individual with intermediate morphologies was assigned as Q. dentata according to its Phyllonorycter composition and the AFLP analysis., 2003年05月, 90, 5, 769, 776, 研究論文（学術雑誌）
• 査読あり, 英語, ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH, Within-tree variation in density and survival of leafminers on oak Quercus dentata, S Shibata; TA Ishida; F Soeya; N Morino; K Yoshida; H Sato; MT Kimura, The density and survival of leafminers were examined on 50 sun leaves from each of 65 Quercus dentata Thunb, individuals in northern Japan in 1997 and 1998. Phyllonorycter (two species), Caloptilia tone species) and Stigmella (three species) were abundant or common on this oak in the study area. These leafminers appeared after mid-June, whereas most externally feeding caterpillars occurred from late May to early June when the water cont ent and nitrogen concentration of leaves were high. The density of these leafminers was about four times higher in 1998 than in 1997. A negative correlation was more often observed between mine density and leaf size, leaf wet weight per area or leaf toughness in the Phyllonorycter species, but the opposite correlation was more frequent for Caloptilia and Stigmella species. Conversely, no clear relation was observed between the survival of Phyllonorycter. larvae and leaf traits. In all leafminers except the gregarious Stigmella species, the mine density was more often positively correlated with leaf damage by chewing insects, and also the survival of Phyllonorycter larvae was often positively correlated with leaf damage. In the Phyllonorycter species, the survival of larvae tended to increase with the increase in density at the autumn generation. The correlation in the densities of mines between the summer and autumn generations was more frequently positive in the Pyllonorycter and Caloptilia species. In addition, the densities of different leafminers were often positively correlated. Thus, relations among leafminers, between leafminers and externally feeding caterpillars, and also between herbivores and host plants are complicated., 2001年03月, 16, 1, 135, 143, 研究論文（学術雑誌）
• 査読あり, 英語, INSECT SYSTEMATICS & EVOLUTION, The pupal cremaster as a diagnostic character for species of Phyllonorycter (Lepidoptera : Gracillariidae), with description of a new species of the nipponicella complex from Japan, J Fujihara; H Sato; T Kumata, The pupal cremasters of twelve species of Japanese oak-feeding Phyllonorycter are examined. The cremasters, even those of closely related species, are specifically distinct. Combined with descriptions of European and North American species, the present results indicate that the cremaster can be used as a diagnostic character for the species of Phyllonorycter. A new species, P. persimilis, which was previously confused with P. similis Kumata, and the female of P. nipponicella (Issiki), hitherto unknown, are described. The nipponicella complex including these species is reviewed and the speciation of its members is discussed in relation to diversification of the host plant preference., 2000年, 31, 4, 387, 400, 研究論文（学術雑誌）
• 査読あり, 英語, JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR, Male participation in nest building in the dung beetle Scarabaeus catenatus (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae): Mating effort versus paternal effort, H Sato, The dung beetle, Scarabaeus catenatus, shows not only the rolling but also the tunneling tactic for nest building with bisexual cooperation. Sex roles, however, differed between the tactics. In rolling, the male rook the initiative like that of ball-roller species: he rolled a dung ball away and buried it. In tunneling, in contrast the male usually had a secondary role like that of tunnelers: he was less active in burrow excavation and provisioning. Regardless of the tactics, male participation did not increase female reproductive output measured by the number or size of brood balls in the field, but seemed to function as mate guarding against conspecific males. This suggests that, in both tactics, the male S. catenatus invests primarily in mating effort compared with paternal effort. The relative importance of mating effort in male participation seems to hold true in other dung beetles, irrespective of whether they are ball-roller or tunneler species. In addition, the male mating strategy of S. catenatus is compared with that of other ball-rollers., 1998年11月, 11, 6, 833, 843, 研究論文（学術雑誌）
• 査読あり, 英語, ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY, Payoffs of the two alternative nesting tactics in the African dung beetle, Scarabaeus catenatus, H Sato, 1. Scarabaeus catenatus is a ball-rolling scarab in the subfamily Scarabaeinae. This species, however, makes use of two tactics for nest building: rolling and tunnelling. The tunnelling tactic differs substantially from the rolling tactic in that (1) it always involves repeated movements to and from the dung source and the nest, whereas rolling does not, and (2) it involves a shorter distance between the two sites. 2. Brood-nest founders were usually males and less often females, with about 25% adopting the rolling tactic and 75% adopting the tunnelling tactic. During nest building, the founder paired off with a scarab of the opposite sex, and they co-operated in the work. The female made one to four brood balls from the dung in the nest, each of which contained one egg. 3. Each scarab seemed to be able to employ both tactics. The tactic employed was independent of an individual's status, e.g. body size and timing of nest founding. 4. The rolling tactic offered only male founders a greater nest-defence success than the tunnelling tactic due to a lower intrusion into the rolled nest and a higher intensity of male-male fighting. The tunnelling tactic offered both male and female founders a larger number of brood balls than the rolling tactic because it enabled scarabs to take a larger amount of dung into the nest. 5. The reproductive success for the two tactics was estimated from the product of nest-defence success and the number of brood balls. As a result, the two tactics had equal fitness payoffs for males, but unequal payoffs for females. 6. The results suggest that male alternation of tactics is controlled by a mixed strategy. Female alternation, however, cannot be explained by mixed strategy, alternative strategies or conditional strategy., 1998年02月, 23, 1, 62, 67, 研究論文（学術雑誌）
• 査読あり, 英語, JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY, Two nesting behaviours and life history of a subsocial African dung-rolling beetle, Scarabaeus catenatus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), H Sato, Nesting behaviour of a large-sized dung beetle, Scarabaeus catenatus (Gerstaecker), was observed at the Tsavo West National Park, south-eastern Kenya. Although this species is taxonomically a member of a dung-roller group (that is, subfamily Scarabaeinae), it had not only a rolling behaviour but also a tunneller behaviour for nesting. In the former case, the scarab rolled a chunk or a ball of dung some distance (0.5-15.5 m) away from the dung pat and buried it under the ground. In the latter case, it dug a tunnel near the dung pat (0-1 m) and transported several pieces of dung into the burrow. In both cases, brood nests were completed by a female alone or by male-female co-operation. Four days after dung burial, the female made one to four brood balls out of buried dung, in each of which she deposited an egg. On the other hand, the male left the nest soon after the female completed oviposition. Even after oviposition, the female stayed in the nest and cared for her progeny until they emerged. This indicates that S. catenatus is subsocial. A major source of offspring mortality was likely to be predation by driver ants (Dorylus sp.). Most females seemed to breed one time in each of two or more successive rainy seasons., 1997年03月, 31, 3, 457, 469, 研究論文（学術雑誌）
• 査読あり, 英語, ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY, COMPARISON OF COMMUNITY COMPOSITION OF PARASITOIDS THAT ATTACK LEAF-MINING MOTHS (LEPIDOPTERA, GRACILLARIIDAE), H SATO, Parasitoid assemblages associated with Phyllonorycter leaf miners (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) were examined on the 2 deciduous oaks, Quercus dentata and Q. mongolica, in Hokkaido, northern Japan, and those on 2 others, Q. acutissima and Q. variabilis, in Nara, central Japan. To address to what extent interspecific competition is important in organizing parasitoid communities, I compared species richness, species composition, and levels of parasitism by guilds at different host immature stages among the parasitoid assemblages. Parasitoids were separated into 5 guilds according to parasitism modes (idiobiosis and koinobiosis) and host immature stages attacked and killed. Pooled data showed that the number of parasitoid species per host leafminer species in Japan (3.1) was similar to that in the United Kingdom (4.1) and that idiobionts (potential generalists) exceeded koinobionts (specialists) in species number (62.5%). A koinobiont guild and 2 idiobiont guilds had an inverse relationship in level of parasitism between 2 assemblages at each study area. These results may suggest that interspecific competition is important in organizing parasitoid communities. Nevertheless, dominant species and guilds varied among the assemblages, resulting in different patterns of percentage of parasitism by guilds in relation to host stage among the assemblages. This implies underuse of hosts at some stages by parasitoids, and interspecific competition is unlikely to be severe. Interspecific competition, therefore, seems to partially contribute to parasitoid community organization., 1995年08月, 24, 4, 879, 888, 研究論文（学術雑誌）
• 査読あり, 英語, AQUATIC INSECTS, LIFE-CYCLES OF GLOSSOSOMA-INOPS AND AGAPETUS-YASENSIS (TRICHOPTERA, GLOSSOSOMATIDAE) AT KII PENINSULA, SOUTHERN HONSHU, JAPAN, O SAMESHIMA; H SATO, Life cycles of the two saddle-case making caddisflies, Glossosoma inops (Tsuda) and Agapetus yasensis (Tsuda) (Trichoptera, Glossosomatidae), were studied in Akadani Stream, Kii Peninsula, southern Honshu, Japan. Larvae of G. inops occurred chiefly in the mainstream, while those of A. yasensis were restricted to a hillside tributary. Agapetus yasensis was univoltine. This species grew slowly from late August through March, overwintered in the third and fourth instars, and pupae occurred from late April to early August. On the other hand, G. inops seemed to be a trivoltine species which produces a partial third generation in summer: certain part of cohorts which hatched in July grew rapidly and emerged in late August, while the rest of them grew slowly and emerged in late November. The summer generation exhibited the smallest size at third to fifth instar larvae among the three generations., 1994年04月, 16, 2, 65, 74, 研究論文（学術雑誌）
• 査読あり, 英語, JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY, MATING-BEHAVIOR AND SEXUAL SELECTION IN THE AFRICAN BALL-ROLLING SCARAB KHEPHER-PLATYNOTUS (BATES) (COLEOPTERA, SCARABAEIDAE), H SATO; K HIRAMATSU, Mating behaviour of the ball-rolling dung beetle Kheper platynotus (Bates), adults of which are active in rainy seasons, was studied in southeastern Kenya. Male mating behaviour changed with the progression of the rainy season. In the early season when females made food balls, males attempted forced copulation with wandering and food-ball-making females on dung mounds. As the season progressed, females made brood balls, and males attempted to pair off with such females, as well as attempting forced copulation with wandering and food-ball-making females. A male who paired off with a brood-ball-making female cooperated with the female to make the ball. The male usually copulate after burying the ball (pre-copulatory mate guarding), but sometimes copulatory during ball-making In the latter case the male usually showed post-copulatory mate guarding until ball burial, but sometimes left soon after copulation. In the late season, when available females decreased because of maternal care in the underground nests, males started to make food balls to secure food resources for survival until the next rainy season. Male mate guarding involving ball-making, -rolling and -burying seemed to function to raise paternity confidence, but such assistance seemed to be less beneficial to females. Fights frequently occurred between guarding and intruding males on brood balls. Both residency and relative body sizes of fighters were important asymmetries influencing contest outcome. This seemed to result in not active but passive mate choice by brood-ball-making females., 1993年05月, 27, 3, 657, 668, 研究論文（学術雑誌）
• 査読あり, 英語, 昆蟲, 東京昆蟲學會, Tischeria leafminers (Lepidoptera, Tischeriidae) on deciduous oaks from Japan, 佐藤宏明, Three Japanese species of Tischeria (Lepidoptera, Tischeriidae) on deciduous oaks are described. Of these, T. naraensis SATO is new to science and T. decidua WOCKE is newly recorded from Japan. The female of T. quercifolia KUROKO, hitherto unknown, is also described., 1993年, 61, 3, 547-556, 556

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• 査読あり, 英語, ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY, DIFFERENTIAL RESOURCE UTILIZATION AND COOCCURRENCE OF LEAF MINERS ON OAK (QUERCUS-DENTATA), H SATO, 1. Spatial, temporal, and dietary differences in resource utilization and patterns of interspecific association on leaves were investigated for dominant and common leaf-mining species on an oak species, Quercus dentata Thunb., in Hokkaido, northern Japan. 2. Leaf miners were divided into two groups according to leaf tissues used for food: upper-layer-feeders which consume the palisade parenchymatous layer (Stigmella spp. and tenthredinid sp.), and full-depth-feeders which consume spongy and palisade parenchymatous layers (Phyllonorycter leucocorona (Kumata), P.similis Kumata, and Caloptilia sapporella (Matsumura)). 3. Differences in the position of mines on leaves were found among species: mines of P.similis were distributed more frequently in the middle section of leaves, whereas those of the remaining species were concentrated in the basal section. 4. Leaf size preference differed between species: C.sapporella and tenthredinid sp. tended to select larger leaves more frequently than did the other species. 5. Phenological differentiation was found among species: C.sapporella appeared earliest, followed by P.similis, P.leucocorona and a tenthredinid sp., and then Stigmella spp. 6. Each species showed a highly clumped distribution among leaves. Leaf miners of some species pairs co-occurred on leaves more frequently than expected by chance., 1991年02月, 16, 1, 105, 113, 研究論文（学術雑誌）
• 査読あり, 英語, Ecological Research, Ecological Society of Japan, Parasitoid complexes of lepidopteran leaf miners on oaks (Quercus dentata and Quercus mongolica) in Hokkaido, Japan, 佐藤宏明, 1990年, 5, 1, 1, 8

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• 査読あり, 英語, 昆蟲, 東京昆蟲學會, Further observations on the nesting behaviour of a subsocial ball-rolling scarab, Kheper aegyptiorum, 佐藤宏明, The nesting behaviour of an African ball-rolling scarab, Kheper aegyptiorum (LATREILLE), was re-examined in the Tsavo West National Park, east Kenya. The pair formation was observed on the ball which was constructed by a male alone. Dung balls, which a male rolled and a female rode on, were found to be used as nuptial balls (provision for the female) as well as brood balls (provision for larvae). A female had the ability to perform the whole process of nidification (ball-making, ball-rolling, ball-burying, and brood-pear-constructing) by herself. Even after completing brood pears, the female remained in the nest to care for them. The reproductive behaviour of K. aegyptiorum was compared to that of another African ball-roller, K. platynotus (BATES)., 1988年, 56, 4, 4, 878

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• 査読あり, 英語, ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY, NESTING-BEHAVIOR OF A SUBSOCIAL AFRICAN BALL-ROLLER KHEPER-PLATYNOTUS (COLEOPTERA, SCARABAEIDAE), H SATO; M IMAMORI, 1987年11月, 12, 4, 415, 425, 研究論文（学術雑誌）
• 査読あり, 英語, Ecological Research, Bionomics of Phyllonorycter (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) on Quercus. II. Effects of ants, Hiroaki Sato; Seigo Higashi, The effects of ants on a population of Phyllonorycter leaf miners were observed in an oak chaparral on the Ishikari Coast. The density of ant nests was higher at the chaparral's edge than in the interior, while the density of mines was lower at the edge than in the interior. The effects of ant predation were examined in a comparison between treated ant-free trees and untreated ant-rich trees. Percentages of the torn mines observed were higher on the ant-rich trees than on the ant-free trees, whereas the mortality due to parasitoids was higher on the ant-free trees than on the ant-rich trees. This shows that ants greatly contributed to the mortality of leaf miners. © 1987 Ecological Society of Japan., 1987年04月, 2, 1, 53, 60, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, 10.1007/BF02348619

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• 査読あり, 英語, 昆蟲, 東京昆蟲學會, Bionomics of Phyllonorycter (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) on Quercus. I. Mortality in winter, 佐藤宏明, Mortality rates of Phyllonorycter similis (KUMATA) and P. leucocorona (KUMATA) on Quercus dentata were assessed in two overwintering sites : on the tree and under the snow. The importance of each mortal factor for P. similis varied between the two overwintering sites, while parasitism was always principal factor for P. leucocorona. In both Phyllonorycter species, total mortalities were not different between the overwintering sites, because mortal factors were complementary to each other., 1986年, 54, 4, 4, 572

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• 査読あり, 英語, 昆蟲, 東京昆蟲學會, Production of two brood pears from onedung ball in an African ball-roller, Scarabaeus aegyptiorum (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae), 佐藤宏明, Nesting behaviour of Scarabaeus (Kheper) aegyptiorum LATREILLE was described. Unlike general tendency in Scarabaeus, a ball worked by a malefemale pair of S. aegyptiorum was not used as nuptial ball but as a brood ball. The nidification of this species was also singular among ball-rolling Scarabaeinae in respect that the brood ball buried underground was transformed into two brood pears, on each of which one egg was laid. This suggests that the nidification of ballrolling Scarabaeinae may be more diversified than is supposed., 1986年, 54, 3, 3, 385

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• 査読あり, 英語, 昆蟲, 東京昆蟲學會, Nidification of an African ball-rolling scarab, Scarabaeus platynotus Bates (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae), 佐藤宏明, We observed the nidification behaviour of an African ball-roller, Scarabaeus (Kheper) platynotus, in the Tsavo West National Park, eastern Kenya. A dung ball worked by a male-female pair was not for a nuptial ball but always for a brood ball. One brood ball was transformed into two brood pears by a female in the nest. Copulations had already finished in a dung source before or soon after completing the ball construction., 1986年, 54, 2, 2, 207

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• 査読あり, 英語, Jpn.J.Ecol., Myrmecofaunal changes since the 1977-78 eruptions on Mt. Usu, 佐藤宏明, 1985年, 35, 469-475, 479
• 査読あり, 英語, ECOSPHERE, Differential butterfly performance on host plant variants from populations under intense vs. low mammalian herbivory, Tetsuo Kohyama; Chika Horikawa; Shizuka Kawai; Megumi Shikata; Teiko Kato; Hiroaki Sato, Evolutionary interactions between a pair of species can be modified by the presence of another species that interacts with either or both species. However, only a few studies have demonstrated such complex interactions. Here, we report a case where a population of the red admiral butterfly (Vanessa indica) is assumed to change fitness traits in response to an evolutionary change in its major host plant, the Japanese stinging nettle (Urtica thunbergiana), caused by intense browsing pressure from sika deer (Cervus nippon). Nara Park (NP) in Japan has been home to several hundred protected sika deer for approximately 1200 yr, and their intense browsing pressure is assumed to have selected for heavily haired nettles that are more resistant to deer browsing compared to normal lightly haired nettles occurring in areas with low densities of sika deer. We found that the water and nitrogen contents of leaves are lower and the specific leaf mass is higher in heavily haired nettles at NP compared to the lightly haired nettles at the Takatori Castle Site (TCS) 30 km south of NP. Feeding experiments showed that V. indica larvae from NP reared on heavily haired nettles reach a greater adult body mass and relative abdomen mass than those from TCS, suggesting the possibility that the NP V. indica population has adapted to the heavily haired, nutritionally poorer variant. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene of V. indica from NP and nearby locations including TCS found one haplotype exclusive to NP, suggesting that movement of this butterfly is somewhat restricted. However, analysis using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers showed no genetic differentiation between the seven V. indica populations including the NP and TCS populations. These results suggest that adaptation of the NP population to the heavily haired nettle occurred in a relatively short period. Our study demonstrates a rare example of an indirect evolutionary impact of one herbivore (sika deer) on another herbivore (red admiral butterfly) through an evolutionary change in their shared food plant (Japanese nettle)., 2017年01月, 8, 1, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, 10.1002/ecs2.1568

  DOI URL
• その他, Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, A new species of the Phyllonorycter nipponicella complex (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), with a note about the evolutionary history of the complex, Hiroaki Sato; Natsuki Tabe, 2023年09月, 16, 3, 360, 371, 研究論文（学術雑誌）, 10.1016/j.japb.2023.04.006

  DOI URL

MISC

• 査読無し, 日本語, 誘蛾灯, 日本産Niditinea属（ヒロズコガ科）３種の識別形質, 那須義次; 佐藤宏明, 2016年11月, 226, 99-101
• 査読無し, 日本語, 誘蛾燈, 岐阜県のフモトミズナラに寄生する蛾, 船越進太郎; 那須義次; 佐藤宏明; 富沢章, 2015年03月, 219, 13-22
• 査読無し, 日本語, 昆虫と自然, 奈良公園におけるシカ-植物-昆虫の相互作用, 佐藤宏明, 2012年03月, 47, 4, 4-7
• 査読無し, 日本語, 日本森林学会誌, 奈良県大台ヶ原においてニホンジカの増加がもたらした糞虫群集の多様性の低下．, 佐藤宏明, 2008年06月, 90, 315-320
• 査読無し, 英語, ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY, ENTOMOL SOC AMER, Structure and function of parasitoid assemblages associated with Phyllonorycter leafminers (Lepidoptera : Gracillariidae) on deciduous oaks in Japan, H Sato; Y Okabayashi; K Kamijo, Parasitoid assemblages associated with Phyllonorycter spp. leafminers (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) were examined on six deciduous oak species (Quercus, Fagaceae) in Japan to understand how host leafminers, host food plants, and geographic location influence the structure and function of parasitoid assemblages. The parasitoid assemblages on five of the six oak species showed similar species richness (18-20 spp.), regardless of the number of host leafminer species and the abundance of hosts. Species composition was influenced by geographic location as well as host food oaks, and to a lesser extent by the leafminers. The assemblages varied in guild structure but showed nearly equal ratios of koinobiont/idiobiont species. The ratio was almost the same as that in Great Britain. These results suggest that the well-known argument that parasitoid communities are mostly influenced by host food plants is not universal, and that parasitoid assemblages may be organized with a balance between numbers of koinobiont and idiobiont species regardless of species richness, species composition, or geographic location. Total rate of parasitism did not correlate with the number of parasitoid species or the evenness of the assemblage. This implies that the host-parasitoid system is not under top-down control., 2002年12月, 31, 6, 1052, 1061
• 査読無し, 英語, AMBIO, ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES, Follow-up survey of environmental impacts of the Rwandan refugees on eastern D. R. Congo, H Sato; K Yasui; K Byamana, 2000年03月, 29, 2, 122, 123
• 査読無し, 日本語, 日本生態学会誌, 一般社団法人 日本生態学会, 安定化理論の今後－室内実験と野外調査、数理理論の共同のもとに－, 佐藤宏明; 山本智子; 安田弘法, 1996年, 46, 3, 309-312, 312, 10.18960/seitai.46.3_309

  PermalinkDOI URL
• 査読無し, 日本語, アフリカ研究, Japan Association for African Studies, ケニアに生息する大型タマオシコガネKheper platynotus とKheper aegyptiorum の繁殖行動, 佐藤宏明; 今森光彦, The nesting behaviour of African ball-rolling scarabs, Kheper platynotus (Bates) and K. aegyptiorum (Latreille), was observed in the Tsavo West National Park, east Kenya. Both species produce multiple brood pears from one buried dung ball, and take care of brood. Such a pattern of nidification has never been known in any other ball-rollers. The way of brood care is singular in that the mother beetle scrapes the upper part of the pear where larval excrement is accumulated.
  In K. platynotus one to four pears are produced from a ball ranging from 5.2 to 9.0cm in diameter, and in K. aegyptiorum one or two pears from a ball ranging from 3.8 to 4.7cm. In the former species, the number of pears produced depends on the size of ball which is independent of the size of ball-maker.
  Reproductive behaviour of male has been compared between K. platynotus and K. aegyptiorum. The former male attempts to copulate with a female above ground; seems not to be the initiator of the brood-ball construction; performs hind-leg bending behaviour on the dung pad without the function of attracting females; and makes no nuptial ball. The latter male does not attempt to copulate with a female above ground; to be the initiator of the brood-ball construction; performs hind-leg bending behaviour on the ball to attract females; and makes a nuptial ball., 1987年, 32, 32, 1-17, 17, 10.11619/africa1964.1988.1

  PermalinkURLDOI URL
• 査読無し, 英語, Environmental science, Hokkaido : journal of the Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 北海道大学, Nocturnal flight activity of moths, 佐藤宏明, Nocturnal flight activity of macrolepidopterous moths was observed in Nopporo Forest Park and on Mt. Usu, Hokkaido, northern Japan. Air temperature seemed to be one of the crucial factors controlling their flight activity, because the number of flying moths rapidly declined at about 10℃ or less in the autumn and at about 5℃ or less in early winter. The flight activity of many species could be grouped into five types on the basis of full-flight time: pre-midnight, midnight, post-midnight, bimodal, and peakless types, though some species showed seasonally or sexually different flight patterns. Although congeneric species tended to have similar flight patterns, the flight activity within each family was not always homogenous. As suggested by Miyata (1983) concerning the moths on Kyushu Island, southern Japan, the ratio of bimodal and peakless types was higher in openland moths than in forest ones., 1986年, 9, 1, 59-68, 68

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• 査読無し, 英語, Environmental science, Hokkaido : journal of the Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 北海道大学, Ground beetles on Mt. Usu six years after the 1977-78 eruptions, 佐藤宏明, A survey was made of the ground beetles on and around Mt. Usu which had suffered vegetational damage from volcanic eruptions in 1977-78. A total of 2,485 specimens of 29 species were collected, primarily Silpha perforata venatoria, Pterostichus thunbergi, Chlaenius pallipes and Pterostichus subovatus. On the somma surrounding O-usu, Polygonum sachalinense communities provided the appropriate habitat for many species including forest species such as Pterostichus subovatus and Leptocarabus opaculus in the spring and summer, though these species nearly disappeared in the autumn when herbs were defoliated. In the grasslands and sometimes even in the bare ground around Ko-usu, dead trees blown down by the latest eruptions offered a refuge for the forest species., 1986年, 9, 1, 69-78, 78

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• 査読無し, 英語, Environmental science, Hokkaido : journal of the Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 北海道大学, Faunal makeup of macrolepidopterous moths in Nopporo Forest Park, Hokkaido, northern Japan, with some related notes, 佐藤宏明, Macrolepidopterous moths were collected in Nopporo Forest Park to disclose the faunal makeup. By combining this survey with other from Nopporo, 595 species were recorded, compriping of roughly 45% of all species discovered in Hokkaido to date. The seasonal fluctuations of a species diversity were bimodal, peaking in August and November. The data obtained had a good correlation to both lognormal and logseries distributions among various species-abundance models. In summer, it was found that specialistic feeders dominated over generalistic feeders. However, in autumn, generalistic feeders dominated, most likely because low temperature shortened hours for seeking host plants on which to lay eggs., 1985年, 8, 1, 93-120, 120

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• 査読無し, 英語, Environmental Science, Hokkaido, Macrolepidopterous moth fauna on a volcano Mt. Usu six years after the 1977-78 eruptions, 佐藤宏明, 1985年, 8, 121-139, 139

書籍等出版物

• 環境Eco選書　チョウの行動生態学, 北隆館, 英語, 学術書
• アフリカ昆虫学, 海游舎, 佐藤宏明, 編集, 2019年03月, 2-20, 297-320, 日本語, 査読無し, その他, 9784905930655
• 招かれない虫たちの話, 東海大学出版部, 佐藤宏明; 石川幸男ほ, 編集, 2017年03月, xiii-xiv, 205-218, 日本語, 査読無し, その他
• アフリカ学事典, 昭和堂, 佐藤宏明; 青木純夫ほ, 分担, 2014年06月, 440-443, 日本語, 査読無し, その他
• パワー・エコロジー, 海游舎, 佐藤宏明, 編集, 2013年03月, 283-305, 日本語, 査読無し, その他
• 日本の鱗翅類―系統と多様性, 東海大学出版会, 佐藤宏明; 久万田敏夫, 分担, 2011年02月, 98-107, 199-207, 126-132, 144-161, 199-207, 552-553, 558-559, 568-573, 日本語, 査読無し, その他
• 絵かき虫の生物学, 北隆館, 佐藤宏明, 分担, 2011年01月, 157-170, 日本語, 査読無し, その他
• 大台ヶ原の自然史：森の中のシカをめぐる生物間相互作用, 東海大学出版会, 佐藤宏明, 分担, 2009年07月, 108-116, 199-207, 日本語, 査読無し, その他
• アフリカ昆虫学への招待, 京都大学学術出版会, 佐藤宏明; 日高敏隆, 分担, 2007年03月, 33-47, 日本語, 査読無し, その他
• 世界民族博物誌, 八坂書房, 佐藤宏明; 赤嶺淳他, 分担, 2003年08月, 270-272, 日本語, 査読無し, その他
• 群集生態学の現在, 京都大学学術出版会, 佐藤宏明, 編集, 2001年03月, 3-21, 日本語, 査読無し, その他
• 環境Eco選書 チョウの行動生態学, 北隆館, 佐藤宏明; 甲山哲生, シカ－イラクサ－アカタテハの進化的相互作用, 2022年03月, その他, その他

講演・口頭発表等

• 佐藤宏明, 国内, 日本鱗翅学会関東支部春のつどい, シカ－イラクサ－アカタテハの進化的相互作用, 口頭発表（招待・特別）, 2022年03月19日, 2022年03月19日, 日本語
• 佐藤宏明, 日本昆虫学会第75回大会, フクロウ巣内の蛾類相と羽毛トラップで得られた蛾類相の比較, 2015年09月, 日本語, 国内会議
• 佐藤宏明, 日本粉体工業技術協会造粒分科会第101回技術討論会, タマオシコガネの粒造り, 2014年03月, 日本語, 日本粉体工業技術協会造粒分科会, 伊東市, 国内会議
• 佐藤宏明, 日本応用動物昆虫学会第58回大会, イラクサの刺毛はシカに対する防御には役立つが，昆虫に対しては役立たない, 2014年03月, 日本語, 日本応用動物昆虫学会, 高知, 国内会議
• 佐藤宏明, 日本昆虫学会第72回大会公募シンポジウム「シカが昆虫や環境に及ぼす影響」, 奈良公園においてシカの過剰な増加がもたらす植物と昆虫の特異な関係, 2012年09月, 日本語, 矢後勝也, 東京都町田市 玉川大学, 国内会議

共同研究・競争的資金等の研究課題

• 2001年, 2007年, 糞虫の群集生態学, 0, 0, 0, 大台ヶ原にてニホンジカの増加にともなうミヤコザサ草地の拡大が糞虫群集に与える影響を調査する一方，奈良県御杖村にて新たに造成された放牧地にて糞虫群集の構造化過程を調査した。, 競争的資金
• 2001年, 2007年, Community ecology of dung beetles, 0, 0, 0, 競争的資金
• 2002年, 動物と植物の相互作用, 科学研究費補助金, 0, 0, 0, ニホンジカの被食に対し植物はさまざまな生理・形態的応答を示す。奈良公園においてはシカの強い被食により、イラクサは矮小化すると共に高い刺毛密度を有している。この形態的変化の進化生態学的意義を追究している。, 競争的資金
• 2002年, Interations Between Animals and Plants, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, 0, 0, 0, 競争的資金
• 1987年, 潜葉性小蛾類の生態学及び分類学的研究, 科学研究費補助金, 0, 0, 0, ムモンハモグリガ科、モグリチビガ科、ホソガ科をおもな対象とし、分類、生態、およびその寄生蜂群集を研究している。, 競争的資金
• 1987年, Ecological and Taxonomic Studies of Leafminers, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, 0, 0, 0, 競争的資金
• 植物におけるヒスタミンの生合成の制御機構の解明, 0, 0, 0, 競争的資金
• 落葉機構の解明, 0, 0, 0, 競争的資金
• 基盤研究(B), 2006年, 2008年, 18380090, シカの被食による植物の質と形態の変化が植食性昆虫の生活史と個体群動態に及ぼす影響, 柴田 叡弌; 佐藤 宏明; 酒井 敦; 日野 輝明, 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 名古屋大学, 17640000, 15000000, 2640000, ニホンジカによる樹木剥皮と林床植生の採食が激しい大台ヶ原と奈良公園において、シカをめぐる生物間相互作用を明らかにした。大台ヶ原では、シカの採食はササの小型化をもたらすが、それは接触刺激によることが示唆された。またゴールを形成するタマバエの間接効果を明らかにした。奈良公園では、防御形質と考えられるイラクサ刺毛密度の進化にシカの被食が淘汰圧として作用していることが示唆された。, kaken

  対象リソースIRI
• 基盤研究(C), 2004年, 2007年, 16570017, 寄主植物の雌雄性が植食性昆虫とその寄生蜂に与える影響, 佐藤 宏明, 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 奈良女子大学, 3530000, 3200000, 330000, 本研究の当初の目的は,ヒサカキの雌株・雄株間に見られる成長様式や栄養成分,二次代謝産物量の差違が潜葉性小蛾であるヒサカキムモンハモグリガの生態およびその寄生蜂群集に与える影響を明らかにすることであった.しかし,ヒサカキムモンハモグリガの雌株・雄株間での密度の違いは年次によって異なり,寄主植物の雌雄性が植食性昆虫に与える影響を明確にすることはできなかった.その代わり以下の重要な知見が得られた. 1.ヒサカキムモンハモグリガは旧年葉にもっぱら産卵し,当年葉にはほとんど産卵していなかった.当年葉は旧年葉に比べ,窒素量が少なく,窒素炭素比が低いことから栄養的に劣り,またカテキン類のひとつであるエピガロカテキン量が高かった.また,当年葉に強制産卵させたところ,孵化した幼虫のほとんどが変形した葉組織細胞に囲まれ死亡した.したがって,雌成虫が当年葉にほとんど産卵しない適応的意義として,当年葉の栄養的な質の低さではなく,潜孔に対する当年葉の過敏感応答を回避している言える. 2.ヒサカキムモンハモグリガ幼虫を実験的に殺した葉と生かしたままの葉でその後の落葉率を比較した野外操作実験から,ヒサカキムモンハモグリガ幼虫は自身が潜っている葉が劣化し落ちることがないよう,羽化直前まで落葉を抑制し,結果として生存率を高めていることがわかった. 3.ヒサカキムモンハモグリガの寄生蜂群集は12種からなり,うち1種がkoinobiontであり,他はidiobiontであった.この寄生蜂群集の多種共存機構として,優占種であり,ヒサカキムモンハモグリガを専門に利用するkoinobiontに対するidiobiontの高い二次寄生率と,これらidiobiontの広い寄主利用幅があげられた. 4.大阪府立大と北海道大学に所蔵されている標本と野外採集で得られた標本から4未記載種を発見した.また,東南アジア島嶼域には分布しないとされていたムモンハモグリガ上科がインドネシアのジャワ島にも分布することを確認した., kaken

  対象リソースIRI
• 萌芽研究, 2005年, 2006年, 17657019, 大型植食動物による被食圧に対する植物の反応, 酒井 敦; 佐藤 宏明; 柴田 叡弌, 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 奈良女子大学, 3500000, 3500000, 本研究では、大台ケ原山においてニホンジカによる被食圧下で分布を拡大しつつあるミヤコザサを材料に、植物の耐被食戦略を検討した。前年度までの研究により、「シカによる被食圧下にあるササは接触刺激を認識して小型化し、その結果植物体各部の窒素濃度の増大・光合成装置の増加により光合成能力が向上し、その結果として小型化(=受光面積の縮小)に伴う光合成物質生産の低下が補償される」、という可能性が示唆された。18年度はこの「接触形態形成に端を発する連鎖反応による補償光合成」の可能性をさらに検討した。 1.小型化の意義:シカによる被食圧下にあるササ群落内に、プロテクトケージを用いて様々な高さのササのパッチを作製した後ケージを撤去し、シカの食害による葉の損失速度を測定した。その結果、周囲よりわずかに背が高くなると葉の損失が急増することから、小型化は集中的な食害の回避に必須であることが分かった。 2.稈密度:大台ケ原山正木峠周辺のササ群落の当年稈密度は、防鹿柵外で約3000本/m^2、防鹿柵内(シカから5年にわたり保護)では約1200本/m^2であった。プロテクトケージを、時期をずらして設置したところ、当年稈の密度は前年の初夏(6月から7月頃)に決定されることが示唆された。柵外における稈密度の増大は、食害回避のための個々の稈の小型化のもとで群落レベルでの物質生産速度を維持することに貢献していると推察される。 3.シカによる被食圧のかわりに接触刺激のみを与えてササを栽培した場合にも、小型化と光合成能力の増大が誘導された。しかし、窒素含量の増加は認められなかった。この原因としては、生育環境(野外では強光条件下、栽培実験では弱光・貧栄養条件下)、あるいは変化の方向性(野外実験では大型化に伴う変化、栽培実験では小型化に伴う変化)の影響が考えられた。現在、これらの点を検討するための野外実験および栽培実験を開始している。, kaken

  対象リソースIRI
• 基盤研究(A), 2002年, 2005年, 14206019, 獣害によって衰退した森林生態系における生物間相互作用ネットワークの構造と機能, 柴田 叡弌; 肘井 直樹; 梶村 恒; 佐藤 宏明; 横田 岳人; 日野 輝明, 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 名古屋大学, 52780000, 40600000, 12180000, 近年、ニホンジカの生息個体数増加や生息分布の拡大とともに、森林への被害は激しく、その維持が困難な状態にある森林が多くみられる。こうした森林の荒廃は森林生態系に大きな影響を与えている。健全な森林生態系では、長年月を経て維持されてきた食物連鎖などの生物間相互作用ネットワークが正常に機能している。シカによる樹幹剥皮害で大量の樹木が枯死している森林では、長年培われてきた生物間の相互作用が崩れている。このような被害が生物間相互作用ネットワークに対する影響にまで踏み込んで調査された例は少ない。本研究では、シカによって剥皮害を受けた森林生態系内における生物間相互作用ネットワークがどのような影響を受けているのかを様々な角度から明らかにし、森林生態系における生物多様性維持機構の解明に寄与することを目的とした。 調査はニホンジカの生息個体数の増加により森林衰退が激しい大台ヶ原で行った。この地域における現存植生をササとの関連において明らかにした。ニホンジカの生息密度とその生息分布を明らかにし、それらとササ草原拡大との関係を検討した。さらに樹木剥皮害発生環境を把握し、シカが樹皮を剥皮する要因についても検討した。森林生態系内の生物間相互作用を定量的に調べるには、特定の生物の実験的な除去などによってその制御効果を調べるのが有効な手段である。折しも環境省は大台ヶ原にニホンジカの食害から原生林を保護することを目的とし2000年に防鹿柵を設置した。柵内外を比較することによって、ササの形態的・生理的な変化が明らかになり、ササの侵入・繁茂の程度とその進行にともなう樹木実生への影響が明らかになった。さらに、シカの生息と樹木の衰退・枯死を通して受ける森林の無機的環境の変化、およびこうした動植物環境の変化にともなう草食性のネズミ、食植性昆虫とそれを捕食する捕食性鳥類などへの間接的な影響を明らかにした。, kaken

  対象リソースIRI
• 萌芽研究, 2002年, 2004年, 14654155, シカと糞虫の相互作用がもたらすシバの種子散布, 柴田 叡弌; 佐藤 宏明, 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 名古屋大学, 3800000, 3800000, 大型草食獣の採食は自然植生に影響を及ぼしているといわれている。奈良公園においては、ニホンジカの採食によりシバ群落が維持されている。また、ニホンジカが高密度で生育する奈良公園には、豊富な糞虫種がみられ、ニホンジカの糞が糞虫により分解されている。本研究では、草本植物、ニホンジカおよび糞虫の三者間の相互作用を明らかにすることを目的として、奈良公園において試験地を設定した。 (1)ニホンジカが採食していると考えられる草本植物は13科21種であった。その中で優占的に生育していた種は、シバ、ノチドメおよびアキメヒシバであった。このことから、これら3種を中心とする様々な草本植物の種がニホンジカにより種子を散布されていると考えられた。 (2)ニホンジカの糞には10科15種の草本植物の種子が含まれていた。その中で優占的に見られた種は、シバ、ノチドメ、アキメヒシバおよびツメクサだった。このことから、様々な種の草本植物がニホンジカによって種子を散布されていることが明らかとなった。 (3)夏季における糞虫の糞分解による糞塊消失速度は高く、このことが糞に含まれている種子の出芽に影響を及ぼしていることが推測された。大台ヶ原における糞虫の糞分解とも比較した。 (4)糞虫による糞分解の有無が、糞に含まれている種子の出芽の影響についてに明らかにした。 (5)以上のことをまとめると以上のようである。 ・調査地である奈良公園の植生は短草型装置で遷移が停滞していた。このことは短草型という生物的極相を作り上げている要因が弱まれば、すぐに高茎草本や木本に置き換わってしまう可能性を示唆している。 ・このような生物的極相を作り上げている要因として、ニホンジカによる採食と踏圧が考えられる。採食や踏は耐性のない植物を駆逐し、侵入を阻害している。これは高槻(1989)によって提案された草食動物の被食に対する植物の被食戦略を支持している。 ・また、ニホンジカが長期にわたって採食することは、短草型草地を安定的に維持していることが示唆されたが、その種構成は動的であることが示された。, kaken

  対象リソースIRI
• 基盤研究(C), 1998年, 2001年, 10640615, 寄主植物の遺伝的多様性が食葉性昆虫群集に与える影響, 佐藤 宏明; 木村 正人, 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 奈良女子大学, 3100000, 3100000, 植物の遺伝的多様性が食葉性昆虫群集に与える影響を明らかにするために,カシ類を寄主とする潜葉性小蛾類をおもな対象として調査し,次の結果を得た。1.日本産カシ類13種の分子系統樹を3個のDM領域に基づき作成し,クヌギ節-ウバメガシ節,コナラ節,アカガシ亜属の三つの系統があることを明らかにした。2.カシワのみを食樹とするキンモンホソガ属の新種1種を記載し,また,この種を含む4種からなる近縁種群の種分化は食樹選択と密接に関連していることを示した。3.キンモンホソガ属の密度は葉面積,比葉重,葉の硬さと負の相関があったが,ハマキホソガ属とモグリチビガ属の密度は正の相関にあった。キンモンホソガ属の死亡率はこれらの葉の形質とは無関係であった。4.カシワにおいて,葉のサイズと葉の微毛の密度が潜葉性昆虫による食害の程度に関係していた。しかし,どのような葉の形質が潜葉性昆虫の死亡率に関係しているかは不明であった。5.ミズナラの葉は被食を受けると,単位面積当たりの窒素量が増加するのに対し,カシワでは逆に減少した。しかし,両樹種ともに,被食を受けた葉と健全な葉では潜葉性小蛾類の密度に差はなかった。6.落葉性カシ類を食樹とする潜葉性小蛾類の寄生蜂群集の構造の類似性は,寄主の種構成,食樹の系統,地理的位地という要因のいずれか一つだけではうまく説明できなかった。7.クヌギの陽葉で飼育したヤママユ幼虫は陰葉を与えた幼虫よりも、湿重量では有意に軽かったが、蛹の乾重量では重く,(1)含水率の高い陰葉を摂食した幼虫は水分過剰の状態にあること,(2)窒素含有率の高い陽葉は陰葉より餌としての質が優れていること,が示唆された。以上の結果は,寄主樹木の種間・種内の遺伝的多様性のみならず,樹木個体内での葉の質の多様性も,食葉性昆虫の群集構造や密度,あるいは成長過程に大きく関与していることを示唆している。, kaken

  対象リソースIRI
• 基盤研究(B), 2013年04月01日, 2016年03月31日, 25291090, ニッチ構築としての鳥の巣：未知の共生系の進化生態学的研究, 上田 恵介; 八尋 克郎; 亀田 佳代子; 広渡 俊哉; 岩田 隆太郎; 山口 典之; 荒谷 邦雄; 佐藤 宏明, 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 立教大学, 15210000, 11700000, 3510000, ３年間の研究期間において、とくに九州地方のカササギと南西諸島に生息する鳥類の巣に生息する昆虫類の調査を行った。ヒロズコガ類を筆頭に鱗翅目蛾類において、いくつかの未記録種や新種を発見した。また鞘翅目昆虫において、リュウキュウオオハナムグリなど生態が未知の甲虫類の生息について、さまざまな情報が得られた。甲虫類については、九州大学及び琵琶湖博物館において、分担研究者が安定同位体分析を行ない，鳥の巣昆虫が食物連鎖上で、どのような地位にあるのかの生態学的知見を得ることができた。これらの成果は論文として公表し，また2015年に行なわれた日本昆虫学会（九州大学）において行なわれたシンポジウムで発表した。, kaken

  対象リソースIRI
• 基盤研究(C), 2010年04月01日, 2015年03月31日, 22570019, 草食獣－植物－植食性昆虫の三者系における局所的適応進化の実証的研究, 佐藤 宏明; 木村 正人, 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 奈良女子大学, 4550000, 3500000, 1050000, 奈良公園に生育するイラクサは近隣地域のイラクサとくらべるとおびただしい数の刺毛を葉や茎に備えている．奈良公園では1200年にわたり多数のシカが保護されてきたことを念頭に，本研究は，(1)個体群間の刺毛の変異はシカの生息密度に依存している，(2)刺毛はシカに対する防御には役立つが植食性昆虫には役立たない，(3)奈良公園のイラクサ集団は他地域の集団とは遺伝的に相当異なる，という結果から，奈良公園に生育するイラクサの異常に多い刺毛はシカに対する防御形質として進化したと結論づけた．また，奈良公園のアカタテハは幼虫の成育に関して奈良公園のイラクサに局所適応をしていることを示した．, kaken

  対象リソースIRI