SAKAI Atsushi

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Profile and Settings

• Name (Japanese)

  Sakai

• Name (Kana)

  Atsushi

Degree

• (BLANK), The University of Tokyo
• (BLANK), The University of Tokyo

Research Interests

• photosynthesis, respiration, plastids, mitocondria, interaction among organisms, allelopathy, defense against herbibors, defense against pathogens, thigmomorphogenesis

Research Areas

• Life sciences, Plants: molecular biology and physiology

Research Experience

• Apr. 2014, 奈良女子大学研究院自然科学系・教授
• Apr. 1999, Mar. 2014, 奈良女子大学理学部助教授／准教授
• Aug. 1991, Mar. 1999, 東京大学理学部助手

Education

• 1991, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School, Division of Science, 植物学
• 1989, The University of Tokyo, Faculty of Science, 生物学科植物学教室

Association Memberships

• 日本植物学会
• 日本植物生理学会
• 日本植物形態学会

Ⅱ．研究活動実績

Published Papers

• Refereed, CYTOLOGIA, International Society of Cytology, C₃-Like Photosynthetic Properties of Senescing Maize Leaves Are Accompanied by Preferential Senescence of Mesophyll Cells, Saya Shiogai; Satoshi Tamotsu; Atsushi Sakai, 25 Dec. 2018, 83, 4, 387, 391, Scientific journal, 10.1508/cytologia.83.387

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• Refereed, CYTOLOGIA, International Society of Cytology, Cytological Studies on Proliferation, Differentiation, and Death of BY-2 Cultured Tobacco Cells, Atsushi Sakai; Mari Takusagawa; Asuka Nio; Yu Sawai, A procedure for the simultaneous isolation of mitochondrial and plastid nucleoids was first established in BY-2 cells. Biochemical analysis suggested the presence of nucleosome-like repetitive structural units in both of the plant organelle nucleoids. The isolated organelle nucleoids were also used for establishment of in vitro transcription/DNA synthesis systems, with which regulation of organelle genomes during proliferation and differentiation was investigated. The results revealed that transient and synchronous activation of DNA synthesis occurred in mitochondria and plastids in the initial phase of cell proliferation, which was caused by a transient activation of dually-targeted organelle DNA polymerase genes. Another series of investigations revealed a drastic difference in the transcription activity between BY-2 proplastids and leaf chloroplasts, which was brought about by differential use of bacterial- and phage-type plastid RNA polymerases. To investigate regulation of plastid gene expression further, a procedure to induce amyloplast formation in BY-2 cells was established. Various changes observed during this process were collectively similar to those observed during root cap cell differentiation. BY-2 cells were also used to develop a novel model system for programmed cell death during hypersensitive reaction (HR), in which we have succeeded in inducing programmed cell death with 100% efficiency by application of an elicitor. This system revealed that the HR cells activated anti-microbial defense mechanism by themselves and transmitted signal(s) to establish acquired resistance in neighboring cells, while executing cell-death program. Thus, BY-2 cells have taught us a lot about proliferation, differentiation, and death of plant cells., Jun. 2015, 80, 2, 133, 141, Scientific journal, 10.1508/cytologia.80.133

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• Refereed, Marine Biology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Phototaxis of sacoglossan sea slugs with different photosynthetic abilities: a test of the ‘crawling leaves’ hypothesis, Ayaka Miyamoto; Atsushi Sakai; Rie Nakano; Yoichi Yusa, Jun. 2015, 162, 6, 1343, 1349, Scientific journal, 10.1007/s00227-015-2673-1

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• Refereed, MARINE BIOLOGY, SPRINGER, Relative importance and interactive effects of photosynthesis and food in two solar-powered sea slugs, Ayana Akimoto; Yayoi M. Hirano; Atsushi Sakai; Yoichi Yusa, Sacoglossans use chloroplasts taken from algal food for photosynthesis (kleptoplasty), but the adaptive significance of this phenomenon remains unclear. Two con-generic sacoglossans (Elysia trisinuata and E. atroviridis) were collected in 2009-2011 from Shirahama (33.69A degrees N, 135.34A degrees E) and Mukaishima (34.37A degrees N, 133.22A degrees E), Japan, respectively. They were individually maintained for 16 days under four experimental conditions (combination of light/dark and with/without food), and their survival rate and relative (=final/initial) weights were measured. Both light and food had positive effects on the survival in E. trisinuata, whereas no positive effects of light or food on survival were detected in E. atroviridis. Both light and food had positive effects on relative weights in both species, but light had smaller effects than food. A significant interaction term between light and food was detected in E. trisinuata (but not in E. atroviridis) in that only the presence of both resulted in weight gains. This result suggests that E. trisinuata can obtain sufficient additional energy from photosynthesis for sustaining growth when fresh chloroplasts are continuously supplied from algal food. In addition, fluorescence yield measurements showed that unfed individuals of both E. trisinuata and E. atroviridis lost photosynthetic activity soon (< 4 and 4-8 days, respectively). In conclusion, photosynthesis may function to obtain supplementary nutrition for sustaining growth when food is available in sacoglossans with short-term functional kleptoplasty., May 2014, 161, 5, 1095, 1102, Scientific journal, 10.1007/s00227-014-2402-1

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• Refereed, International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, Sciencedomain International, Effects of Salinity on the Growth and Survival of the Seedlings of Mangrove, Rhizophora stylosa, Hiromi Kanai; Mitsuki Tajima; Atsushi Sakai, 10 Jan. 2014, 3, 7, 879, 893, Scientific journal, 10.9734/ijpss/2014/9812

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• Refereed, Cell Biology International, Wiley, Histone H3 is absent from organelle nucleoids in BY-2 cultured tobacco cells, Mari Takusagawa; Satoshi Tamotsu; Atsushi Sakai, Jul. 2013, 37, 7, 748, 754, Scientific journal, 10.1002/cbin.10091

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• Refereed, Protoplasma, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Effects of chloroplast dysfunction on mitochondria: white sectors in variegated leaves have higher mitochondrial DNA levels and lower dark respiration rates than green sectors, Haruka Toshoji; Tomomi Katsumata; Mari Takusagawa; Yoichi Yusa; Atsushi Sakai, Oct. 2011, 249, 3, 805, 817, Scientific journal, 10.1007/s00709-011-0325-y

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• Refereed, Current Bioactive Compounds, Bentham Science Publishers Ltd., Monoterpenes of Salvia leucophylla, Atsushi Sakai; Hiroko Yoshimura, 02 Apr. 2012, 8, 1, 90, 100, Scientific journal, 10.2174/157340712799828205

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• Refereed, CYTOLOGIA, UNIV TOKYO CYTOLOGIA, Theca Cell Layer Formation in Mouse Ovarian Follicle Culture in vitro, Saori Itami; Keiko Yasuda; Satoshi Tamotsu; Atsushi Sakai, Sep. 2012, 77, 3, 288, 288, Scientific journal
• Refereed, Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Effects of photosynthesis on the survival and weight retention of two kleptoplastic sacoglossan opisthobranchs, Shoko Yamamoto; Yayoi M. Hirano; Yoshiaki J. Hirano; Cynthia D. Trowbridge; Ayana Akimoto; Atsushi Sakai; Yoichi Yusa, Many sacoglossan sea slugs utilize chloroplasts ingested from food algae for photosynthesis (functional kleptoplasty), and the extent and duration of kleptoplast retention differs greatly among sacoglossan species. Although most recent studies focus on the genetic, microscopic, or physiological mechanisms responsible for this unique phenomenon, its effects on the life history traits of sacoglossans have not been fully explored. To study the effects of light conditions on survival and weight retention, adult individuals of two sacoglossan species, Elysia trisinuata and Plakobranchus ocellatus (‘black type'), were reared under light conditions (a 14-hour light: 10-hour dark photoperiod with an irradiance level of 28 µmol m⁻²s⁻¹) or complete darkness for 21 days. There was no significant difference in the survival rate between the light and dark treatments for E. trisinuata, and its wet weight relative to the initial weight was smaller in the light than in the dark. However, both the survival and relative weights were greater in the light than dark for P. ocellatus. Based on the fluorescent yield measurement using pulse-amplitude-modulated fluorometry, the retention duration of functional chloroplasts was longer (>17 days) for P. ocellatus than E. trisinuata (<4 days). These results indicate that P. ocellatus benefits from photosynthesis for survival and growth, whereas E. trisinuata does not under starved conditions. This interspecific difference is likely related to the period of functional chloroplast retention., Feb. 2013, 93, 1, 209, 215, Scientific journal, 10.1017/s0025315412000628

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• Refereed, Biology of Reproduction, Oxford University Press (OUP), The Roles of THY1 and Integrin Beta3 in Cell Adhesion During Theca Cell Layer Formation and the Effect of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone on THY1 and Integrin Beta3 Localization in Mouse Ovarian Follicles, Saori Itami; Satoshi Tamotsu; Atsushi Sakai; Keiko Yasuda, 01 May 2011, 84, 5, 986, 995, Scientific journal, 10.1095/biolreprod.110.087429

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• Refereed, Journal of Chemical Ecology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 1,8-Cineole Inhibits Both Proliferation and Elongation of BY-2 Cultured Tobacco Cells, Hiroko Yoshimura; Yu Sawai; Satoshi Tamotsu; Atsushi Sakai, Feb. 2011, 37, 3, 320, 328, Scientific journal, 10.1007/s10886-011-9919-2

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• Refereed, Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Co-culturing of follicles with interstitial cells in collagen gel reproduce follicular development accompanied with theca cell layer formation, Saori Itami; Keiko Yasuda; Yuka Yoshida; Chiyuki Matsui; Sachie Hashiura; Atsushi Sakai; Satoshi Tamotsu, Dec. 2011, 9, 1, 159, 159, Scientific journal, 10.1186/1477-7827-9-159

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• Refereed, CYTOLOGIA, International Society of Cytology, Organization of Mitochondrial-Nucleoids in BY-2 Cultured Tobacco Cells, Mari Takusagawa; Tomomi Hayashi; Hiroyoshi Takano; Atsushi Sakai, Sep. 2009, 74, 3, 329, 341, Scientific journal, 10.1508/cytologia.74.329

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• Refereed, CYTOLOGIA, International Society of Cytology, Effects of Growth Phase and Cell Density on Cryptogein-induced Programmed Cell Death in Suspension-cultured Tobacco BY-2 Cells: Development of a Model System for 100% Efficient Hypersensitive Cell Death, Yu Sawai; Satoshi Tamotsu; Kazuyuki Kuchitsu; Atsushi Sakai, Dec. 2010, 75, 4, 389, 396, Scientific journal, 10.1508/cytologia.75.389

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• Refereed, PLANT MORPHOLOGY, The Japanese Society of Plant Morphology, Effects of chloroplast dysfunction in a subpopulation of leaf mesophyll cells on photosynthetic and respiratory activities of a whole leaf: A study using variegated leaves of Hedera helix L., Naoko Yoshioka; Yuki Imanishi; Keiko Yasuda; Atsushi Sakai, A variegated leaf of Hedera helix is composed of green and white mesophyll cells with and without photosynthetic capacity, respectively. We measured the photosynthesis and dark respiration rates, as well as CO₂ compensation points, of H. helix leaves with various extents of variegation. The photosynthetic rate (on an area basis) of the variegated leaves increased almost linearly according to the increase in the proportion of green area to total leaf area. In contrast, dark respiration rate was nearly constant irrespective of the extent of leaf variegation. These results suggest that chloroplast dysfunction in white mesophyll cells did not drastically affect photosynthetic activity of green mesophyll cells, or respiratory rates of both green and white mesophyll cells. CO₂ compensation point was elevated when the proportion of green area became extremely low, indicating that the proportion of non-photosynthetic cells within a photosynthetic organ could affect its CO₂ compensation point., Dec. 2009, 21, 1, 87, 91, Scientific journal, 10.5685/plmorphol.21.87

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• Refereed, Plant and Cell Physiology, Oxford University Press (OUP), NtPolI-like1 and NtPolI-like2, Bacterial DNA Polymerase I Homologs Isolated from BY-2 Cultured Tobacco Cells, Encode DNA Polymerases Engaged in DNA Replication in Both Plastids and Mitochondria, Y. Ono; A. Sakai; K. Takechi; S. Takio; M. Takusagawa; H. Takano, 17 Oct. 2007, 48, 12, 1679, 1692, Scientific journal, 10.1093/pcp/pcm140

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• Refereed, Tobacco BY-2 Cells: From Cellular Dynamics to Omics, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Tobacco BY-2 Cells as a Model for Differentiation in Heterotrophic Plant Cells, Y. Miyazawa; A. Sakai, 2006, 119, 132, In book, 10.1007/3-540-32674-x_9

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• Refereed, Zoological Science, Zoological Society of Japan, Changes in the Distribution of Tenascin and Fibronectin in the Mouse Ovary During Folliculogenesis, Atresia, Corpus Luteum Formation and Luteolysis, Keiko Yasuda; Emi Hagiwara; Akiko Takeuchi; Chinatsu Mukai; Chiyuki Matsui; Atsushi Sakai; Satoshi Tamotsu, Tenascin and fibronectin are components of the extracellular matrices that oppose and promote adhesion, respectively. Using immunohistochemical techniques, we studied the distribution of tenascin and fibronectin in the mouse ovary, in which dynamic reconstruction and degeneration occur during folliculogenesis, atresia, ovulation, corpus luteum formation and luteolysis. In growing follicles, tenascin was only detected in the theca externa layer, while fibronectin was detected in the theca externa layer, theca interna layer and basement membrane. During follicular atresia, granulosa cells, which are surrounded by the basement membrane, began to die through apoptosis. In atretic follicles, tenascin was detected in the basement membrane and theca externa layer. Distribution of fibronectin in atretic follicles was similar to that in healthy growing follicles, except that granulosa cells were slightly immunopositive for fibronectin. In young corpus luteum, luteal cells exhibit high 3 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 β-HSD) activity, an enzyme indispensable for progesterone production. Tenascin was barely detected in young luteal cells. 3 β-HSD activity in luteal cells declines with corpus luteum age, and in older corpus luteum there is an increase in apoptotic death of luteal cells. Tenascin was intensely immunopositive in old luteal cells. In contrast, fibronectin immunostaining in luteal cells was relatively constant during corpus luteum formation and luteolysis. Our observations suggest that tenascin is critical in controlling the degenerative changes of tissues in mouse ovaries. Moreover, in all circumstances observed in this study, tenascin always co-localized with fibronectin, suggesting fibronectin is indispensable for the function of tenascin., Feb. 2005, 22, 2, 237, 245, Scientific journal, 10.2108/zsj.22.237

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• Refereed, Journal of Chemical Ecology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Allelopathic Effects of Volatile Monoterpenoids Produced by Salvia leucophylla: Inhibition of Cell Proliferation and DNA Synthesis in the Root Apical Meristem of Brassica campestris Seedlings, Nami Nishida; Satoshi Tamotsu; Noriko Nagata; Chieko Saito; Atsushi Sakai, May 2005, 31, 5, 1187, 1203, Scientific journal, 10.1007/s10886-005-4256-y

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• Refereed, Journal of Hattori Botanical Laboratory, Hattori Botanical Laboratory, Profiling of Bryophyte gene expression by hybridization of an Arabidopsis cDNA array with Bryophyte cDNA., SUNG JIN CHUNG; KATSUAKI TAKECHI; ATSUSHI SAKAI; KANJI ONO; HIROYOSHI TAKANO, Jan. 2006, 99, 99, 233, 244, Scientific journal

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• Refereed, Journal of Hattori Botanical Laboratory, Hattori Botanical Laboratory, Detection of genes differentially expressed in cultured cells of Marchantia polymorpha, but not in Arabidopsis thaliana, using an Arabidopsis cDNA microarray., Sung Jin Chung; Katsuaki Takechi; Atsushi Sakai; Kanji Ono; Hiroyoshi Takano, Jan. 2006, 99, 99, 245, 247, Scientific journal

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• Refereed, Tobacco BY-2 Cells, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Studies on Dynamic Changes of Organelles Using Tobacco BY-2 as the Model Plant Cell Line, Atsushi Sakai; Yutaka Miyazawa; Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa, 2004, 192, 216, In book, 10.1007/978-3-662-10572-6_14

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• Refereed, International Review of Cytology, Organelle nuclei in higher plants: Structure, composition, function, and evolution, Atsushi Sakai; Hiroyoshi Takano; Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa, Plant cells have two distinct types of energy-converting organelles: plastids and mitochondria. These organelles have their own DNAs and are regarded as descendants of endosymbiotic prokaryotes. The organelle DNAs associate with various proteins to form compact DNA-protein complexes, which are referred to as organelle nuclei or nucleoids. Various functions of organelle genomes, such as DNA replication and transcription, are performed within these compact structures. Fluorescence microscopy using the DNA-specific fluorochrome 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole has played a pivotal role in establishing the concept of "organelle nuclei." This fluorochrome has also facilitated the isolation of morphologically intact organelle nuclei, which is indispensable for understanding their structure and composition. Moreover, development of an in vitro transcriptionDNA synthesis system using isolated organelle nuclei has provided us with a means of measuring and analyzing the function of organelle nuclei. In addition to these morphological and biochemical approaches, genomics has also had a great impact on our ability to investigate the components of organelle nuclei. These analyses have revealed that organelle nuclei are not a vestige of the bacterial counterpart, but rather are a complex system established through extensive interaction between organelle and cell nuclear genomes during evolution. Extensive diversion or exchange during evolution is predicted to have occurred for several important structural proteins, such as major DNA-compacting proteins, and functional proteins, such as RNA and DNA polymerases, resulting in complex mechanisms to control the function of organelle genomes. Thus, organelle nuclei represent the most dynamic front of interaction between the three genomes (cell nuclear, plastid, and mitochondrial) constituting eukaryotic plant cells. © 2004 Elsevier Inc., Jan. 2004, 238, 59, 118, In book, 10.1016/S0074-7696(04)38002-2

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• Refereed, Plant and Cell Physiology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Effects of Antibiotics that Inhibit the Bacterial Peptidoglycan Synthesis Pathway on Moss Chloroplast Division, Nami Katayama; Hiroyoshi Takano; Motoji Sugiyama; Susumu Takio; Atsushi Sakai; Kan Tanaka; Haruko Kuroiwa; Kanji Ono, 15 Jul. 2003, 44, 7, 776, 781, Scientific journal, 10.1093/pcp/pcg096

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• Refereed, Molecular Biology of the Cell, American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB), Glom Is a Novel Mitochondrial DNA Packaging Protein inPhysarum polycephalumand Causes Intense Chromatin Condensation without Suppressing DNA Functions, Narie Sasaki; Haruko Kuroiwa; Chikako Nishitani; Hiroyoshi Takano; Tetsuya Higashiyama; Tamaki Kobayashi; Yuki Shirai; Atsushi Sakai; Shigeyuki Kawano; Kimiko Murakami-Murofushi; Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa, Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is packed into highly organized structures called mitochondrial nucleoids (mt-nucleoids). To understand the organization of mtDNA and the overall regulation of its genetic activity within the mt-nucleoids, we identified and characterized a novel mtDNA packaging protein, termed Glom (a protein inducing agglomeration of mitochondrial chromosome), from highly condensed mt-nucleoids of the true slime mold, Physarum polycephalum. This protein could bind to the entire mtDNA and package mtDNA into a highly condensed state in vitro. Immunostaining analysis showed that Glom specifically localized throughout the mt-nucleoid. Deduced amino acid sequence revealed that Glom has a lysine-rich region with proline-rich domain in the N-terminal half and two HMG boxes in C-terminal half. Deletion analysis of Glom revealed that the lysine-rich region was sufficient for the intense mtDNA condensation in vitro. When the recombinant Glom proteins containing the lysine-rich region were expressed in Escherichia coli, the condensed nucleoid structures were observed in E. coli. Such in vivo condensation did not interfere with transcription or replication of E. coli chromosome and the proline-rich domain was essential to keep those genetic activities. The expression of Glom also complemented the E. coli mutant lacking the bacterial histone-like protein HU and the HMG-boxes region of Glom was important for the complementation. Our results suggest that Glom is a new mitochondrial histone-like protein having a property to cause intense DNA condensation without suppressing DNA functions., Dec. 2003, 14, 12, 4758, 4769, Scientific journal, 10.1091/mbc.e03-02-0099

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• Refereed, Journal of Experimental Botany, Oxford University Press (OUP), Activation of cell proliferation by brassinolide application in tobacco BY-2 cells: effects of brassinolide on cell multiplication, cell-cycle-related gene expression, and organellar DNA contents, Yutaka Miyazawa; Naoko Nakajima; Tomoko Abe; Atsushi Sakai; Shozo Fujioka; Shigeyuki Kawano; Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa; Shigeo Yoshida, 29 Oct. 2003, 54, 393, 2669, 2678, Scientific journal, 10.1093/jxb/erg312

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• Refereed, Aquatic Botany, Elsevier BV, An obligate-halophytic mangrove, Rhizophora mucronate, does not require Na+ for the uptake of nutrient ions in their roots, Hiromi Kanai; Atsushi Sakai, Feb. 2021, 169, 103328, 103328, Scientific journal, 10.1016/j.aquabot.2020.103328

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• Refereed, PLANT MORPHOLOGY, The Japanese Society of Plant Morphology, The maize coleoptiles do not perform typical C4 photosynthesis: investigation with special reference to anatomy, photosynthetic property, and gene expression, Yasuko Fukaya; Naoko Yoshioka; Hitoshi Sakakibara; Carlos S. Andreo; Tadahiko Mae; Keiko Yasuda; Atsushi Sakai, 2012, 24, 1, 111, 121, Scientific journal, 10.5685/plmorphol.24.111

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• Refereed, Journal of Experimental Botany, Oxford University Press (OUP), Isolation and expression of a novel starch-storing cell-specific gene containing the KH RNA binding domain from tobacco-cultured cells BY-2, Yutaka Miyazawa; Atsushi Sakai; Sachihiro Matsunaga; Tadao Asami; Shigeyuki Kawano; Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa; Shigeo Yoshida, 01 Dec. 2002, 53, 379, 2451, 2452, Scientific journal, 10.1093/jxb/erf111

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• Refereed, CYTOLOGIA, International Society of Cytology, Ampicillin Inhibits Chloroplast Division in Cultured Cells of the Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha., Eiichirou Tounou; Susumu Takio; Atsushi Sakai; Kanji Ono; Hiroyoshi Takano, 2002, 67, 4, 429, 434, Scientific journal, 10.1508/cytologia.67.429

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• Refereed, Sexual Plant Reproduction, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Angiosperm species that produce sperm cell pairs or generative cells with polarized distribution of DNA-containing organelles, Chieko Saito; Noriko Nagata; Atsushi Sakai; Kimie Mori; Haruko Kuroiwa; Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa, Dec. 2002, 15, 4, 167, 178, Scientific journal, 10.1007/s00497-002-0152-6

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• Refereed, PLANT MORPHOLOGY, The Japanese Society of Plant Morphology, Activation of organelle DNA synthesis during the initial phase of proliferation of BY-2 cultured tobacco cells after medium renewal, Saori Okamura; Takeshi Suzuki; Yutaka Miyazawa; Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa; Atsushi Sakai, Dec. 2002, 14, 1, 16, 28, Scientific journal, 10.5685/plmorphol.14.16

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• Refereed, International Review of Cytology, Elsevier, Three-Dimensional Progression of Programmed Death in the Rice Coleoptile, Noriko Inada; Atsushi Sakai; Haruko Kuroiwa; Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa, 2002, 221, 260e, In book, 10.1016/s0074-7696(02)18014-4

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• Refereed, Journal of Plant Physiology, Elsevier BV, Differential regulation of starch synthesis gene expression during amyloplast development in cultured tobacco BY-2 cells, Yutaka Miyazawa; Atsushi Sakai; Shigeyuki Kawano; Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa, Jan. 2001, 158, 8, 1077, 1084, Scientific journal, 10.1078/0176-1617-00246

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• Refereed, Journal of Plant Research, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, In vitro Transcription/DNA Synthesis Using Isolated Organelle-nuclei: Application to the Analysis of the Mechanisms that Regulate Organelle Genome Function, Atsushi Sakai, Jun. 2001, 114, 2, 199, 211, Scientific journal, 10.1007/pl00013984

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• Refereed, PROTOPLASMA, SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN, Behavior of plastid nucleoids during male gametogenesis in Plumbago auriculata, C Saito; N Nagata; A Sakai; H Kuroiwa; T Kuroiwa, We characterized the behavior of plastid (pt) and mitochondrial(mt) nucleoids during male gametogenesis in Plumbago auriculata in three dimensions. The behavior of pt-nucleoids and mt-nucleoids differed throughout male gametogenesis. Pt-nucleoids were distributed in a characteristic manner in three stages: in the early microspore, pt-nucleoids assemble around cell nucleus: in the mid-generative cell, pt-nucleoids gather at the internal side of the pollen: in the late-generative cell, pt-nucleoids aggregation turns its pole to the external side of the pollen. We also studied organelle nucleoids in the egg and the central cell by a method in which semi thick sections of resin-embedded anthers and ovaries were observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The number of pt-nucleoids in the sperm cell did not differ significantly from that in the egg. These results suggest that the behavior of DNA-containing organelles is regulated strictly during male gametogenesis in P. auriculata, and that a biparental inheritance of plastids in the Plumbago embryo is more favored than was previously thought., 2001, 216, 3-4, 143, 154, Scientific journal
• Refereed, Molecular Genetics and Genomics, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, A putative mitochondrial ftsZ gene is present in the unicellular primitive red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae, M. Takahara; H. Takahashi; S. Matsunaga; S. Miyagishima; H. Takano; A. Sakai; S. Kawano; T. Kuroiwa, Nov. 2000, 264, 4, 452, 460, Scientific journal, 10.1007/s004380000307

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• Refereed, Sexual Plant Reproduction, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Unequal distribution of DNA-containing organelles in generative and sperm cells of Erythrina crista-galli (Fabaceae), C. Saito; N. Nagata; A. Sakai; K. Mori; H. Kuroiwa; T. Kuroiwa, 14 Apr. 2000, 12, 5, 296, 301, Scientific journal, 10.1007/s004970050198

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• Refereed, Current Genetics, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Isolation, characterization, and chromosomal mapping of an ftsZ gene from the unicellular primitive red alga Cyanidium caldarium RK-1, Manabu Takahara; Hidenori Takahashi; Sachihiro Matsunaga; Atsushi Sakai; Shigeyuki Kawano; Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa, 23 Feb. 2000, 37, 2, 143, 151, Scientific journal, 10.1007/s002940050021

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• Refereed, Protoplasma, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Unique positioning of mitochondria in developing microspores and pollen grains inPharbitis nil: mitochondria cover the nuclear surface at specific developmental stages, N. Nagata; C. Saito; A. Sakai; H. Kuroiwa; T. Kuroiwa, Mar. 2000, 213, 1-2, 74, 82, Scientific journal, 10.1007/bf01280507

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• Refereed, CYTOLOGIA, International Society of Cytology, Organellar Protein Synthesis Controls Amyloplast Formation Independent of Starch Synthesis Gene Expression., Yutaka Miyazawa; Atsushi Sakai; Shigeyuki Kawano; Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwal, The transfer of stationary-phase cultured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) BY-2 cells into auxin-depleted culture medium induces amyloplast formation. To investigate the timing and requirement for de novo protein synthesis in organelles during amyloplast development and the enhancement of starch synthesis gene expression, we added chloramphenicol, at various times, to cells grown in amyloplast-inducing medium. Changes in cell growth, starch accumulation, and the mRNA levels of the ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit (AgpS) gene Were monitored. Chloramphnicol inhibited starch accumulation, but had no significant effect on cell growth, irrespective of the time of addition. RNA gel-blot analyses revealed that chloramphenicol treatment did not reduce the accumulation of mRNA from the AgpS gene, irrespective of addition time. These results suggest that organellar protein synthesis affects starch accumulation independently of starch synthesis gene expression. The necessity of organellar gene expression for starch accumulation is also discussed., Dec. 2000, 65, 4, 435, 442, Scientific journal, 10.1508/cytologia.65.435

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• Refereed, PLANT MORPHOLOGY, The Japanese Society of Plant Morphology, Isolation of chloroplasts and chloroplast-nuclei(nucleoids)from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Atsushi Sakai; Lena Suzuki; Osami Misumi; Tetsuya Higashiyama; Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa, Dec. 2000, 12, 1, 2, 9, Scientific journal, 10.5685/plmorphol.12.2

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• Refereed, Plant Physiology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Auxin and Cytokinin Have Opposite Effects on Amyloplast Development and the Expression of Starch Synthesis Genes in Cultured Bright Yellow-2 Tobacco Cells, Yutaka Miyazawa; Atsushi Sakai; Shin-ya Miyagishima; Hiroyoshi Takano; Shigeyuki Kawano; Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa, 01 Oct. 1999, 121, 2, 461, 470, Scientific journal, 10.1104/pp.121.2.461

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• Refereed, Plant and Cell Physiology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Two Types of ftsZ Genes Isolated from the Unicellular Primitive Red Alga Galdieria sulphuraria, M. Takahara; H. Takahashi; S. Matsunaga; A. Sakai; S. Kawano; T. Kuroiwa, FtsZ plays a crucial role in bacterial cell division, and may be involved in plastid division in eukaryotes. To investigate the evolution of the dividing apparatus from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, the ftsZ genes were isolated from the unicellular primitive red alga Galdieria sulphuraria. Two ftsZ genes (GsftsZ1 and GsftsZ2) were isolated. This suggests that duplication and divergence of the ftsZ gene occurred in an early stage of plant evolution. A comparison of the FtsZs of G.sulphuraria and other organisms shows that FtsZ is highly and universally conserved among prokaryotes, primitive eukaryotic algae, and higher plants. The GsftsZ2 gene seems to contain an intron. Southern hybridization analysis of the G.sulphuraria chromosomes separated by CHEF revealed that each ftsZ gene and its flanking region may be duplicated., 01 Jan. 1999, 40, 8, 784, 791, Scientific journal, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a029606

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• Refereed, Planta, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, The selective increase or decrease of organellar DNA in generative cells just after pollen mitosis one controls cytoplasmic inheritance, Noriko Nagata; Chieko Saito; Atsushi Sakai; Haruko Kuroiwa; Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa, 19 Jul. 1999, 209, 1, 53, 65, Scientific journal, 10.1007/s004250050606

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• Refereed, European Journal of Cell Biology, Elsevier BV, Decrease in mitochondrial DNA and concurrent increase in plastid DNA in generative cells of Pharbitis nil during pollen development, Noriko Nagata; Chieko Saitoa; Atsushi Sakai; Haruko Kuroiwa; Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa, Apr. 1999, 78, 4, 241, 248, Scientific journal, 10.1016/s0171-9335(99)80057-0

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• Refereed, Plant Cell Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Amyloplast formation in cultured tobacco cells. III Determination of the timing of gene expression necessary for starch accumulation, A. Sakai; Y. Miyazawa; C. Saito; N. Nagata; H. Takano; H.-Y. Hirano; T. Kuroiwa, 09 Mar. 1999, 18, 7-8, 589, 594, Scientific journal, 10.1007/s002990050627

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• Refereed, Journal of Plant Physiology, Elsevier BV, Plastid Gene Expression during Amyloplast Formation in Cultured Tobacco Cells, Atsushi Sakai; Yutaka Miyazawa; Takeshi Suzuki; Narie Sasaki; Shigeyuki Kawano; Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa, Jan. 1999, 154, 1, 71, 78, Scientific journal, 10.1016/s0176-1617(99)80320-4

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• Refereed, Plant Science, Elsevier BV, Comparative analysis of DNA synthesis activity in plastid-nuclei and mitochondrial-nuclei simultaneously isolated from cultured tobacco cells, Atsushi Sakai; Takeshi Suzuki; Noriko Nagata; Narie Sasaki; Yutaka Miyazawa; Chieko Saito; Noriko Inada; Yoshiki Nishimura; Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa, Jan. 1999, 140, 1, 9, 19, Scientific journal, 10.1016/s0168-9452(98)00207-6

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• Refereed, Plant and Cell Physiology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Semi-Automatic Laser Beam Microdissection of the Y Chromosome and Analysis of Y Chromosome DNA in a Dioecious Plant, Silene latifolia, S. Matsunaga; S. Kawano; T. Michimoto; T. Higashiyama; S. Nakao; A. Sakai; T. Kuroiwa, Silene latifolia has heteromorphic sex chromosomes, the X and Y chromosomes. The Y chromosome, which is thought to carry the male determining gene, was isolated by UV laser microdissection and amplified by degenerate oligonucleotide-primed PCR. In situ chromosome suppression of the amplified Y chromosome DNA in the presence of female genomic DNA as a competitor showed that the microdissected Y chromosome DNA did not specifically hybridize to the Y chromosome, but hybridized to all chromosomes. This result suggests that the Y chromosome does not contain Y chromosome-enriched repetitive sequences. A repetitive sequence in the microdissected Y chromosome, RMY1, was isolated while screening repetitive sequences in the amplified Y chromosome. Part of the nucleotide sequence shared a similarity to that of X-43.1, which was isolated from microdissected X chromosomes. Since fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis with RMY1 demonstrated that RMY1 was localized at the ends of the chromosome, RMY1 may be a subtelomeric repetitive sequence. Regarding the sex chromosomes, RMY1 was detected at both ends of the X chromosome and at one end near the pseudoautosomal region of the Y chromosome. The different localization of RMY1 on the sex chromosomes provides a clue to the problem of how the sex chromosomes arose from autosomes., 01 Jan. 1999, 40, 1, 60, 68, Scientific journal, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a029475

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• Refereed, Biotechnic & Histochemistry, Informa UK Limited, Improved Sensitivity for High Resolution in Situ Hybridization Using Resin Extraction of Methyl Methacrylate Embedded Material, Chieko Saito; Makoto Hay Ashi; Atsushi Sakai; Makoto Fujie; Haruko Kuroiwa; Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa, Jan. 1999, 74, 1, 40, 48, Scientific journal, 10.3109/10520299909066476

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• Refereed, PROTOPLASMA, SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN, Senescence program in rice (Oryza sativa L.) leaves: analysis of the blade of the second leaf at the tissue and cellular levels, N Inada; A Sakai; H Kuroiwa; T Kuroiwa, Previously, we showed that all greening mesophyll cells in the coleoptiles of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Nippon-bare) follow the identical program of senescence, which features the early degradation of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and subsequent nuclear condensation and disorganization. Following the coleoptile study, we analyzed the senescence-associated changes in the blade of the second leaf of rice at the tissue and cellular levels. Under the experimental conditions, the second leaf started to elongate rapidly 2 days after sowing and emerged on day 3. The blade of the second leaf completed its growth on day 4, although the sheath continued to grow until day 7. The amount of soluble protein and chlorophyll (Chl) per blade reached a maximum on day 7, and then declined. When blades were divided into three parts (the tip, mid-region, and base), levels of both soluble protein and Chl in the tip segment peaked earlier and decreased at a faster rate than in the other parts, demonstrating a longitudinal gradient of senescence from the tip to the base of the blade. In cross sections through the center of the tip and base segments, all the mesophyll cells senesced synchronously. They passed through the following steps in order: (i) degradation of cpDNA, (ii) decrease in the size of the chloroplast with degeneration of the chloroplast inner membranes, and (iii) condensation and disorganization of the nuclei. Although some differences were shown between the coleoptile and the second leaf in the timing and rate of each event, the order of those senescence-related events was conserved, suggesting an identical program of senescence exists in rice leaves., 1999, 207, 3-4, 222, 232, Scientific journal
• Refereed, PROTOPLASMA, SPRINGER WIEN, Isolation and phenotypic characterization of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutants defective in chloroplast DNA segregation, O Misumi; L Suzuki; Y Nishimura; A Sakai; S Kawano; H Kuroiwa; T Kuroiwa, Each wild-type Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cell has one large chloroplast containing several nuclei (nucleoids). We used DNA insertional mutagenesis to isolate Chlamydomonas mutants which contain a single, large chloroplast (cp) nucleus and which we named moc (monokaryotic chloroplast). DAPI-fluorescence microscopy and microphotometry observations revealed that moc mutant cells only contain one cp-nucleus throughout the cell division cycle, and that unequal segregation of cpDNA occurred during cell division in the moc mutant. One cell with a large amount of cpDNA and another with a small amount of cpDNA were produced after the first cell division. Unequal segregation also occurred in the second cell division, producing one cell with a large amount (about 70 copies) of cpDNA and three other cells with a small amount (only 2-8 copies) of cpDNA, However, most individual moc cells contained several dozen cpDNA copies 12 h after the completion of cell division, suggesting that cpDNA synthesis was activated immediately after chloroplast division. In contrast to the cpDNA, the mitochondrial (mt) DNA of the moc mutants was observed as tiny granules scattered throughout the entire cell. These segregated to each daughter cell equally during cell division. Electron-microscopic observation of the ultrastructure of moc mutants showed that a low-electron-density area, which was identified as the cp-nucleus by immunoelectron microscopy with anti-DNA antibody, existed near the pyrenoid. However, there were no other structural differences between the chloroplasts of wild-type cells and moc mutants. The thylakoid membranes and pyrenoid were identical. Therefore, we propose that the novel moc mutants are only defective in the dispersion and segregation of cpDNA. This strain should be useful to elucidate the mechanism for the segregation of cpDNA., 1999, 209, 3-4, 273, 282, Scientific journal
• Refereed, Planta, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Three-dimensional analysis of the senescence program in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) coleoptiles, Noriko Inada; Atsushi Sakai; Haruko Kuroiwa; Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa, 07 Oct. 1998, 206, 4, 585, 597, Scientific journal, 10.1007/s004250050436

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• Refereed, Plant and Cell Physiology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Transcriptional Activities of the Chloroplast-Nuclei and Proplastid-Nuclei Isolated from Tobacco Exhibit Different Sensitivities to Tagetitoxin: Implication of the Presence of Distinct RNA Polymerases, A. Sakai; C. Saito; N. Inada; T. Kuroiwa, We examined the effects of tagetitoxin, a potent inhibitor of RNA polymerases from chloroplasts and Escherichia coli, on the transcriptional activities of chloroplast- and proplastid-nuclei(nucleoids) isolated from mature tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L.) leaves and cultured tobacco cells(line BY-2), respectively. Transcription by the isolated chloroplast-nuclei was effectively inhibited by tagetitoxin(95-99% reduction at 10 μM tagetitoxin), but transcription by the isolated proplastid-nuclei was only partially inhibited(40-50% reduction) by this compound. Southern hybridization experiments revealed that the transcription of various plastid genes (psbA, atpA, rpoB, psaA/B, atpB, rbcL, petB, rpl16, and rrn23) was sensitive to tagetitoxin in the isolated chloroplast-nuclei, whereas the transcription of the same genes was relatively resistant to this compound in the isolated proplastid-nuclei. These results suggest that; (i)distinct RNA polymerase activities with different sensitivities to tagetitoxin are present in plastids, (ii)a tagetitoxin-sensitive RNA polymerase is the major RNA polymerase in chloroplasts whereas a tagetitoxin-insensitive enzyme is major in proplastids, and (iii)both RNA polymerases can transcribe various plastid genes., 01 Sep. 1998, 39, 9, 928, 934, Scientific journal, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a029456

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• Planta, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Three-dimensional analysis of the senescence program in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) coleoptiles, Noriko Inada; Atsushi Sakai; Haruko Kuroiwa; Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa, 18 May 1998, 205, 2, 153, 164, Scientific journal, 10.1007/s004250050307

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• Refereed, Plant and Cell Physiology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Comparative Analysis of Plastid Gene Expression in Tobacco Chloroplasts and Proplastids: Relationship between Transcription and Transcript Accumulation, A. Sakai; T. Suzuki; Y. Miyazawa; S. Kawano; T. Nagata; T. Kuroiwa, We compared the modes of plastid gene expression between chloroplasts and proplastids in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Chloroplast-nuclei (chloroplast-nucleoids) and proplastid-nuclei (proplastid-nucleoids) were isolated from mature leaves and cultured cells (line BY-2), respectively, and their transcriptional activities in vitro were compared. Overall transcriptional activity of the isolated chloroplast-nuclei (250 pmol UTP (μg DNA)^<-1>h^<-1>) was approximately 25 times that of the isolated proplastid-nuclei (9.7 pmol UTP (μg DNA)^<-1>h^<-1>). This difference in overall transcriptional activities was accompanied by intensive modulation of the relative transcriptional activities of individual genes. Differences in the transcriptional activities of nine plastid genes (psbA, atpA, ropB, psaA/B, atpB, rbcL, petB, rpl16, and rrn23) between the isolated chloroplast- and proplastid-nuclei correlated moderately with differences in the amounts of corresponding transcripts accumulating in leaves and cultured cells. This suggests that transcriptional regulation is responsible, to a considerable extent, for the differential accumulation of plastid transcripts. Possible mechanisms underlying the differential transcription in proplastids and chloroplasts are discussed in relation to the existence of multiple RNA polymerases and structural changes involving plastid-nuclei., 01 Jun. 1998, 39, 6, 581, 589, Scientific journal, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a029408

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• Refereed, Journal of Phycology, Wiley, Isolation, characterization, and chromosome mapping of an actin gene from the primitive green alga, Nannochloris bacillaris (Chlorophyceae), Sayaka Arai; Hidenori Takahashi; Hiroyoshi Takano; Atsushi Sakai; Shigeyuki Kawano, Jun. 1998, 34, 3, 477, 485, Scientific journal, 10.1046/j.1529-8817.1998.340477.x

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• Refereed, Plant Science, Elsevier BV, Simultaneous isolation of cell-nuclei, plastid-nuclei and mitochondrial-nuclei from cultured tobacco cells; comparative analysis of their transcriptional activities in vitro, Atsushi Sakai; Takeshi Suzuki; Yutaka Miyazawa; Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa, Apr. 1998, 133, 1, 17, 31, Scientific journal, 10.1016/s0168-9452(98)00018-1

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• Refereed, Journal of Plant Research, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Detection and quantification of rRNA by high-resolutionin situ hybridization in pollen grains, Chieko Saito; Makoto Fujie; Atsushi Sakai; Haruko Kuroiwa; Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa, Mar. 1998, 111, 1, 45, 52, Scientific journal, 10.1007/bf02507148

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• Refereed, International Review of Cytology, Elsevier, The Division Apparatus of Plastids and Mitochondria, Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa; Haruko Kuroiwa; Atsushi Sakai; Hidenori Takahashi; Kyoko Toda; Ryuuichi Itoh, 1998, 1, 41, In book, 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60415-5

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• Refereed, PROTOPLASMA, SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN, DNA synthesis in isolated mitochondrial nucleoids from plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum, N Sasaki; A Sakai; S Kawano; H Kuroiwa; T Kuroiwa, A mitochondrion contains multiple copies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the mitochondrial nucleoid (mt-nucleoid, synonym for mitochondrial nuclei). Replicaton of mtDNA in the mt-nucleoids appears to be regulated within groups of adjacent mtDNA molecules, known as mitochondrial replicon clusters (MRCs). In this study, we isolated structurally intact mt-nucleoids from the plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum and characterized DNA synthesis in the isolated mt-nucleoids. The mt-nucleoids were isolated by dissolving the membranes of highly purified mitochondria with 0.5% Nonidet P-40. The structural integrity of the isolated mt-nucleoid was determined by observing the rod shape of the mt-nucleoid and the structure of the MRC. The isolated mt-nucleoids required four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates and MgCl2 for DNA synthesis. The DNA synthesis was resistant to aphidicolin and showed only low sensitivity to N-ethylmaleimide and to ddTTP, suggesting that the DNA synthesis is catalyzed by plant-type mitochondrial DNA polymerase. The capacity for DNA synthesis in the isolated mt-nucleoids was similar to that in the isolated mitochondria, despite removal of most of the mitochondrial matrix and membrane. Furthermore, visualization of sites of DNA synthesis in vitro revealed that DNA synthesis in the isolated mt-nucleoids occurred in each MRC. These results suggest that the isolated mt-nucleoids are capable of efficient and systematic DNA synthesis in vitro. Therefore, the use of isolated mt-nucleoids should permit in vitro characterization of the molecular mechanism of mtDNA replication in the MRC., 1998, 203, 3-4, 221, 231, Scientific journal
• Refereed, CYTOLOGIA, International Society of Cytology, A High Density of rRNA in the Generative Cells and Sperm Cells of Pollen Grains of Five Angiosperm Species., Chieko Saito; Makoto Fujie; Atsushi Sakai; Noriko Nagata; Sachihiro Matsunaga; Haruko Kuroiwa; Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa, To examine whether cytoplasmic rRNA are present at high density in the cytoplasm of generative and sperm cells (generative/sperm cells) in pollen grains of various plant species, in situ hybridization of 18S/25S rRNA was performed in thin sections of samples embedded in Technovit 7100 resin. The five plant species studied were Lilium longiflorum, Pharbitis nil, Silene latifolia, Pelargonium zonale and Plumbago auriculata. The timing and mode of pollen mitosis II (PM II) and the distribution of organelle nucleoids in generative/sperm cells differ in these species. In situ hybridization revealed that the density of rRNA was the same as or higher in generative/sperm cells than in vegetative cells, suggesting that the presence of rRNA in the generative/sperm cells at high density may be a general characteristic of mature pollen grains of various plant species., Sep. 1998, 63, 3, 293, 300, Scientific journal, 10.1508/cytologia.63.293

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• Refereed, Journal of Plant Research, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 1,8-Cineole inhibits root growth and DNA synthesis in the root apical meristem ofBrassica campestris L., Ritsuko Koitabashi; Takeshi Suzuki; Tamotsu Kawazu; Atsushi Sakai; Haruko Kuroiwa; Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa, Mar. 1997, 110, 1, 1, 6, Scientific journal, 10.1007/bf02506836

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• Refereed, PROTOPLASMA, SPRINGER WIEN, Preferential degradation of plastid DNA with preservation of mitochondrial DNA in the sperm cells of Pelargonium zonale during pollen development, N Nagata; Sodmergen; C Saito; A Sakai; H Kuroiwa; T Kuroiwa, In the present study, we studied changes in organellar DNA in the sperm cells of maturing pollen of Pelargonium zonale, a plant typical to exhibit biparental inheritance, by fluorescence microscopy after staining with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and by immunogold electron microscopy using anti-DNA antibody. Fluorescence intensities of DAPI-stained plastid nuclei in generative and sperm cells at various developmental stages were quantified with a video-intensified microscope photon counting system (VIMPCS). Results indicated that the amount of DNA per plastid in generative cells increased gradually during pollen development and reached a maximum value (about 70 T per plastid; 1 T represents the amount of DNA in a particle of T4 phage) in young sperm cells at 5 days before flowering. However, the DNA content of plastids was subsequently reduced to about 20% of the maximum value on the day of flowering. Moreover, the DNA content of the plastid further decreased to 4% of the maximum value when pollen grains were cultured for 6 h in germination medium. In contrast, the amount of DNA per mitochondrion did not decrease significantly around the flowering day. Similar results were also obtained by immunogold electron microscopy using anti-DNA antibody. The density of gold particles on plastids decreased during pollen maturation whereas labelling density on mitochondria remained relatively constant. The number of plastids and mitochondria per generative cell or per pair of sperm cells did not change significantly, indicating that the segregation of DNA by plastid division was not responsible for the decrease in the amount of DNA per plastid. These results indicate that the plastid DNA is preferentially degraded, but the mitochondrial DNA is preserved, in the sperm cells of P. zonale. While the plastid DNA of the sperm cells decreased before fertilization, it was also suggested that the low DNA contents that remain in the plastids of the sperm cells are enough to account for the biparental inheritance of prastids in P. zonale., 1997, 197, 3-4, 217, 229, Scientific journal
• Refereed, Phycological Research, Wiley, Isolation of organellar DNA from Codium fragile (Codiaceae, Codiales, Ulvophyceae), Masaya Satoh; Atsushi Sakai; Shizue Hamazaki; Yuki Takashima; Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa, Dec. 1997, 45, 4, 213, 216, Scientific journal, 10.1111/j.1440-1835.1997.tb00078.x

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• Refereed, CYTOLOGIA, International Society of Cytology, Amyloplast Formation in Cultured-Tobacco Cells II: Effects of Transcription/Translation Inhibitors on Accumulation of Starch., Atsushi Sakai; Yutaka Miyazawa; Kumiko Yashiro; Takeshi Suzuki; Shigeyuki Kawano, Sep. 1997, 62, 3, 295, 301, Scientific journal, 10.1508/cytologia.62.295

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• Refereed, Genes & Genetic Systems, Genetics Society of Japan, Variability of mitochondrial subgenomic molecules in the meristematic cells of higher plants., Takeshi Suzuki; Shigeyuki Kawano; Atsushi Sakai; Atsushi Hirai; Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa, MtDNAs from BY-2 cells and rice root were analyzed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay and Southern hybridization analysis. A number of differences were observed in the RAPD patterns amplified from mtDNAs sampled at different phases of the BY-2 cell culture. RAPD fragments also varied with the template DNAs derived from various areas of rice root tip. When a RAPD fragment was hybridized to restriction fragments of whole DNAs, isolated from the distal area of the apical meristem and differentiated elongation zone of a root, two distinct stoichiometric differences were observed in the hybridization signals. This suggests that the organization of mt-genome in prototypic cells in the root apical meristem differs from that found in the differentiated cells.
  , 1996, 71, 5, 329, 333, Scientific journal, 10.1266/ggs.71.329

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• Refereed, The Plant Journal, Wiley, Isolation and developmental expression of male reproductive organ-specific genes in a dioecious campion, Melandrium album (Silene latifolia), Sachihiro Matsunaga; Shigeyuki Kawano; Hiroyoshi Takano; Hidenobu Uchida; Atsushi Sakai; Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa, Oct. 1996, 10, 4, 679, 689, Scientific journal, 10.1046/j.1365-313x.1996.10040679.x

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• Refereed, Plant Cell Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Amyloplast formation in cultured tobacco cells; effects of plant hormones on multiplication, size, and starch content, Atsushi Sakai; Kumiko Yashiro; Shigeyuki Kawano; Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa, Apr. 1996, 15, 8, 601, 605, Scientific journal, 10.1007/bf00232461

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• Refereed, CYTOLOGIA, International Society of Cytology, Organelle DNA Synthesis before Cell Nuclear Replication is Essential for Subsequent Cell Propagation., Takeshi Suzuki; Atsushi Sakai; Shigeyuki Kawano; Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa, Elevation of intra-cellular organelle DNA levels due to preferential synthesis of organelle DNAs before cell multiplication is generally observed in meristematic cells of higher plants, such as those in apical meristems and cultured cells. We analyzed the physiological significance of this phenomena using cultured tobacco cell BY-2 as a model system for cell multiplication in plants. Cultured tobacco cell BY-2 multiplied approximately 50-fold in a week in normal culture medium. However, when nalidixic acid, which inhibits prokaryotic DNA gyrase, was added to the culture, synthesis of organelle DNA was selectively inhibited and cell multiplication was arrested. This indicates that the synthesis of organelle DNAs is a prerequisite for cell multiplication. To quantitatively clarify the effect of the elevation of organelle DNA levels on the capacity for cell proliferation, cells with various organelle DNA levels were prepared by preculturing cells for various lengths of time in culture medium which contained aphidicolin, a specific inhibitor of eukaryotic DNA polymerase a, and then transferring them to culture medium which contained nalidixic acid. Their growth rates in the absence of further organelle DNA synthesis were monitored. A correlation was observed between intra-cellular organelle DNA levels and the capacity of the cells to proliferate, indicating that intra-cellular organelle DNA levels limited the capacity for cell proliferation., Jun. 1996, 61, 2, 235, 245, Scientific journal, 10.1508/cytologia.61.235

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• Refereed, CYTOLOGIA, International Society of Cytology, Cytological Analysis of the Mature Pollen of Actinidia deliciosa (Kiwifruit)., Sachihiro Matsunaga; Atsushi Sakai; Shigeyuki Kawano; Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa, Mature pollen grains from the male and the female flowers of Actinidia deliciosa (kiwifruit) were examined by DAPI (4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) -fluorescence microscopy. The generative nucleus and the vegetative nucleus were observed in the male pollen grain while neither nucleus was observed in the female pollen grain. In the generative cell of the pollen grains from the male flower, many organelle nuclei were observed. The DNA content of the generative and the vegetative nuclei was measured fluorimetrically by propidium iodide staining with a video-intensified microscope photon counting system. The DNA content of the generative nucleus was about twice as large as that of the vegetative nucleus. This suggests that the generative nucleus has 2C DNA and is arrested in the G2 phase., Sep. 1996, 61, 3, 337, 341, Scientific journal, 10.1508/cytologia.61.337

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• Refereed, Journal of Experimental Botany, Oxford University Press (OUP), Localization of organelle DNA synthesis within the root apical meristem of rice, Takeshi Suzuki; Narie Sasaki; Atsushi Sakai; Shigeyuki Kawano; Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa, Jan. 1995, 46, 1, 19, 25, Scientific journal, 10.1093/jxb/46.1.19

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• Refereed, JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE, COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD, Preferential mitochondrial and plastid DNA synthesis before multiple cell divisions in Nicotiana tabacum., T. Suzuki; S. Kawano; A. Sakai; M. Fujie; H. Kuroiwa; H. Nakamura; T. Kuroiwa, Organelle DNA synthesis in root meristem and cultured cell line BY-2, both derived from Nicotiana tabacum cv. Bright Yellow 2, was examined by immunofluorescence microscopy of Technovit sections with antibody against 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and co-fluorescent staining with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and quantitative Southern hybridization. In the root meristem, the mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) were synthesized in a specific region near to the quiescent center, where a low frequency of DNA synthesis of cell nuclei was observed. The mitochondrial nuclei (nucleoids) changed morphologically from long ellipsoids with a high frequency of DNA synthesis, in the region just above the quiescent center, to granules with a low frequency of DNA synthesis, as cell distance from the quiescent center increased. Similar patterns were observed in the cultured tobacco cell line (BY-2), in which large amounts of preferential synthesis of DNA of both mitochondria and plastids occurred prior to cell nuclear DNA synthesis just after stationary phase cells were transferred to fresh medium. Granular mitochondria which vigorously synthesized mtDNA were observed in both lag phase and logarithmic growth phase cells. However, long, ellipsoidal mitochondria which showed a low frequency of mtDNA synthesis were observed in stationary phase cells. Morphological changes of plastids were more conspicuous than those of mitochondria. After the medium was renewed, spherical plastids became extremely elongated and string-like, for 24 h, but were divided into small pieces after the third day. Vigorous synthesis of plastid DNA (ptDNA) occurred during this period of plastids elongation., Nov. 1992, 103, 831, 837, Scientific journal
• Refereed, Plant Physiology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Conversion of Proplastids to Amyloplasts in Tobacco Cultured Cells Is Accompanied by Changes in the Transcriptional Activities of Plastid Genes, Atsushi Sakai; Shigeyuki Kawano; Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa, 01 Oct. 1992, 100, 2, 1062, 1066, Scientific journal, 10.1104/pp.100.2.1062

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• Refereed, Plant and Cell Physiology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Transcriptional Activity of Morphologically Intact Proplastid-Nuclei (Nucleoids) Isolated from Tobacco Cultured Cells, Atsushi Sakai; Hirofumi Yamashita; Yasuyuki Nemoto; Shigeyuki Kawano; Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa, The transcriptional activity of morphologically intact proplastid-nuclei (synonymous with proplastid-nucleoids) isolated from cultured tobacco cells (line BY-2) was examined by an assay of transcription in vitro and Southern hybridization. The isolated proplastid-nuclei incorporated about 7 pmol of UTP into RNA per microgram of DNA during a 60-min incubation. This incorporation of UTP was identified as synthesis of RNA that was dependent on DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Heparin, a potent inhibitor of initiation of transcription, had no inhibitory effect, suggesting that the transcriptional activity in the isolated proplastid-nuclei is primarily due to chain elongation of nascent transcripts. The compactly organized, chromatin-like structure of the proplastid-nuclei was maintained during the assay of transcription in vitro under suitable conditions. Southern hybridization studies revealed that the pattern of transcripts generated in vitro by the isolated proplastid-nuclei were similar to that of transcripts produced in a lysed proplastid system and that of RNA accumulated in the living cells. Therefore, the system for the assay of transcription in vitro using isolated proplastid-nuclei seems to provide a suitable method for analyzing the relationship between the transcriptional regulation of plastid genes and the structural changes in plastid-nuclei., Sep. 1991, 32, 6, 835, 843, Scientific journal, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a078151

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• Refereed, PROTOPLASMA, SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN, Dispersion of the structural organization of proplastid-nuclei in vitro changes the transcriptional activity of plastid genes.(共著), A SAKAI; S KAWANO; T KUROIWA, We have developed a novel assay system for analyzing the relationship between the structure and the transcriptional activity of the plastid-nuclei (plastid-nucleoids). The organization of morphologically intact proplastid-nuclei, isolated from tobacco cultured cells (line BY-2), was dispersed by treatment with NaCl at various concentrations and their transcriptional activities were examined by an assay of transcription in vitro and Southern hybridization. Disturbance of the structural organization of the proplastid-nuclei caused changes in both absolute and relative transcriptional activities of plastid genes, a result that suggests that the transcriptional activity of plastid genes may actually be regulated by structural changes in the plastid-nuclei., Jun. 1991, 163, 2-3, 203, 206, Scientific journal
• Refereed, Genome, RAPD isolation of a Y chromosome specific ORF in a dioecious plant, Silene latifolia., Nakao S; Matsunaga S; Sakai A; Kuroiwa T; Kawano S, Apr. 2002, 45, 413, 420
• Refereed, Protoplasma, Senescence in the nongreening region of the rice (Oryza sativa) coleoptile, Inada N; Sakai A; KuroiwaH; Kuroiwa T, 2000, 214, 180, 193, Scientific journal
• Refereed, CYTOLOGIA, International Society of Cytology, Changes in the Extent of the Condensation of Nuclear Chromatin and the Localization of RNA During Pollen Development in Nicotiana tabacum, Chieko Saito; Makoto Fujie; Atsushi Sakai; Haruko Kuroiwa; Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa, We examined the differentiation of the generative and the vegetative cells of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum SR-1) by a newly developed cytological method using fluorescence microscopy after embedding of samples in Technovit 7100 resin. The extent of condensation of the chromatin in generative and vegetative nuclei was measured semi-quantitatively in sections of uniform thickness by microphotometry. The extent of chromatin condensation in the generative nucleus was about 5 to 10 times as high as the vegetative nucleus throughout pollen maturation which lasted about 5 days. Such a difference was clear immediately after PM I, indicating that the differentiation of the two cells had already started as soon as PM I has finished. Maturing generative cells had almost as much condensed chromatin as chromosomes of PM I. We also examined whether the generative cell has the potential for gene expression. The localization of RNA was visualized by staining with acridine orange. The results revealed the cytoplasm of the generative cell contained RNA and the density of RNA was as high as in the vegetative cell. This result suggests that the generative cell has the potential for gene expression in spite of the highly condensed chromatin in the nucleus. Furthermore, the generative nucleus in the mature pollen retained small nucleoli. Their presence implies that rRNA is synthesized consistently in generative cells., Jun. 1997, 62, 2, 121, 132, Scientific journal, 10.1508/cytologia.62.121

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• Refereed, MOLECULAR AND GENERAL GENETICS, SPRINGER-VERLAG, A putative mitochondrial ftsZ gene is present in the unicellular primitive red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae, M Takahara; H Takahashi; S Matsunaga; S Miyagishima; H Takano; A Sakai; S Kawano; T Kuroiwa, Two ftsZ homologues were isolated from the unicellular primitive red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae (CmftsZ1 and CmftsZ2). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that CmftsZ1 is most closely related to the ftsZ genes of alpha -Proteobacteria, suggesting that it is a mitochondrial-type ftsZ gene, whereas CmftsZ2 is most closely related to the ftsZ genes of cyanobacteria, suggesting that it is a plastid-type ftsZ gene. Southern analysis indicates that CmftsZ1 and CmftsZ2 are both single-copy genes located on chromosome XIV in the C. merolae genome. Northern analysis revealed that both CmftsZ1 and CmftsZ2 are transcribed, and accumulate specifically before cell and organelle division. The results: of Western analysis suggest that CmFtsZ1 is localized in mitochondria., Nov. 2000, 264, 4, 452, 460, Scientific journal

MISC

• Not Refereed, Plant Organelles News Letter, プラスチド核（核様体）とDNA合成, SAKAI Atsushi, ミニレビュー, 2008, 7
• Not Refereed, 生物科学の現状と展望(「遺伝」別冊), 色素体の細胞科学-人類存続の科学へ-(共著), SAKAI Atsushi, 1996, 22-35
• Not Refereed, Research Journal of Food and Agriculture, New Images on the Proliferation of Plant Cells ; Regulation by organelles., SAKAI Atsushi, 1995, 18, 4, 18-22
• Not Refereed, 「細胞工学」別冊 植物細胞工学シリーズ3 「植物の分子細胞生物学」, Function and Differentiation of Plastids., SAKAI Atsushi, 1995, 110-123
• Not Refereed, Plant Cell Technology, Plastid Differentiation from the viewpoint of Plastid-nuclei, SAKAI Atsushi, 1993, 5, 5, 366
• Not Refereed, Metals and Technology "KINZOKU", Plant cells and genes., SAKAI Atsushi, 1992, 62, 8
• Not Refereed, 分子・細胞レベルからみた高等植物(「植物細胞工学」2巻臨時増刊号), 葉緑体の遺伝子発現-植物はどのようにして色素体を作動させるか-(共著翻訳), SAKAI Atsushi, 1990, 2, 臨時増刊, 321-335
• Not Refereed, Atlas of Plant Cell Structure, Springer Japan, Generative Cells, Atsushi Sakai, 2014, 157, 186, Introduction other, 10.1007/978-4-431-54941-3_8

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• Plant and cell physiology, QUANTITATIVE ANALYSES ON THE ORGANELLE DNA SYNTHESIS DURING PROLIFERATION OF CULTURED TOBACCO CELLS., SAKAI Atsushi; INADA Noriko; SAITO Chieko; MIYAZAWA Yutaka; KUROIWA Tsuneyoshi, Mar. 1999, 40, s20, s20
• Plant and cell physiology, Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists, Analyses on the mode of starch synthesis gene expression in tobacco cultured cells BY-2 :, MIYAZAWA Yutaka; SAKAI Atsushi; KAWANO Shigeyuki; KUROIWA Tsuneyoshi, 2000, 41, s218

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• Plant and cell physiology, Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists, ANALYSIS ON THE ROLES OF MULTIPLE RNA POLYMERASES IN NON-PHOTOSYNTHETIC PLASTIDS :, NIO Asuka; SAKAI Atsushi; KUROIWA Tsuneyoshi, 2000, 41, s222

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• Plant and cell physiology, Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists, CHANGES IN THE SECRETED PROTEINS DURING AMYLOPLAST FORMATION IN BY-2 CULTURED TOBACCO CELLS :, NISHIO Kayo; NIO Asuka; SAKAI Atsushi; SAITO Chieko; MIYAZAWA Yutaka; KUROIWA Tsuneyoshi, 2000, 41, s207

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• Plant and cell physiology, ISOLATION OF CELL-NUCLEI, PLASTID-NUCLEI, AND MITOCHONDRIAL-NUCLEI FROM CULTURED TOBACCO CELLS, SAKAI Atsushi; SASAKI Narie; KUROIWA Tsuneyoshi, Mar. 1996, 37, 102, 102
• Zoological science, Zoological Society of Japan, CHENGES IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF TENASCIN AND FIBRONECTIN IN MURINE OVARY(Endocrinology,Abstracts of papers presented at the 75^ Annual Meeting of the Zoological Society of Japan) :, Yasuda Keiko; Hagiwara Emi; Takeuchi Akiko; Mukai Chinatsu; Matsui Chiyuki; Sakai Atsushi; Tamotsu Satoshi, 2004, 21, 12, 1336, 1336

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• Not Refereed, PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY, OXFORD UNIV PRESS, Studies on the plant organelle DNA polymerases using BY-2 cultured tobacco cells, A Sakai; Y Ono; K Takechi; S Takio; H Takano, 2005, 46, S67, S67, Summary international conference
• Not Refereed, PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY, OXFORD UNIV PRESS, Isolation of a gene for organelle DNA polymerase from tabacco, Y Ono; K Takechi; S Takio; A Sakai; H Takano, 2004, 45, S59, S59, Summary international conference
• Zoological science, Zoological Society of Japan, ANALYSIS OF VITELLOGENIN RELATED PROTEINS INDUCED BY ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING CHEMICALS(Endocrinology,Abstracts of papers presented at the 75^ Annual Meeting of the Zoological Society of Japan) :, Kobayashi Kayo; Sakai Atsushi; Tamotsu Satoshi; Oishi Tadashi, 2004, 21, 12, 1343, 1343

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• Proceedings of the Japan Society for Comparative Endocrinology, VITELLOGENIN AND VITELLOGENIN RELATED PROTEINS IN THE LIVER AND TESTIS OF ESTRADIOL TREATED MALE MEDAKA (ORYZIAS LATIPES) : WESTERN BLOTTING ANALYSIS, KOBAYASHI Kayo; SAKAI Atsushi; TAMOTSU Satoshi; OISHI Tadashi, 08 Aug. 2003, 18, 66, 66
• Zoological science, Zoological Society of Japan, VITELLOGENIN RELATED PROTEINS IN THE LIVER AND TESTIS OF 17β-ESTRADIOL EXPOSED MALE MEDAKA (ORYZIAS LATIPES)(Endocrinology,Abstracts of papers presented at the 74^ Annual Meeting of the Zoological Society of Japan) :, Kobayashi Kayo; Sakai Atsushi; Tamotsu Satoshi; Oishi Tadashi, 2003, 20, 12, 1608, 1608

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• 植物化学調節学会研究発表記録集, The Japanese Society for Chemical Regulation of Plants, ISOLATION OF GENES SPECIFICALLY EXPRESSED DURING AMYLOPLAST DEVELOPMENT IN TOBACCO CULTURED CELLS BY-2., MiyazaWa Yutaka; Sakai Atsushi; Matsunaga Sachihiro; Kawano Shigeyuki; Kuroiwa Tsuneyoshi; Yoshida Shigeo, In cultured Bright Yellow-2 tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cells, the depletion of 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in the culture medium induces amyloplast development. This differentiation also includes a decrease in cell multiplication, and an increase in cell size. These changes were primarily triggered by the depletion of 2,4-D, and accelerated by the addition of benzyladenine. Thus, this simple in vitro amyloplast-inducing system provides an opportunity to analyze and compare heterotrophic cells in meristematic and starch-storing phases. In order to analyze the mechanisms controlling starch-storing cell differentiation, we started to isolate genes specifically expressed during amyloplast differentiation. Using differential display method, we cloned six cDNA fragments whose transcripts accumulate at high levels during starch-storing cell differentiation. Three clones had homology to known genes;i.e. clone 26, 30, and 60 had significant identities with cellulose synthase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase, respectively. Other three clones (clone 10, 22, and 25) had no significant identities with well-characterized genes, while sequence similarity search using BLAST algorithm suggested that they are homologous to Arabidopsis genes of unknown functions. Analyses on these genes are now in progress., 09 Oct. 2001, 36, 55, 56
• 日本植物学会大会研究発表記録 = Proceedings of the annual meeting of the Botanical Society of Japan, 高等植物(ゼラニウム等)の花粉成熟過程におけるオルガネラDNAの選択的減少, 永田 典子; 蘇都莫 日根; 斉藤 知恵子; 酒井 敦; 黒岩 晴子; 黒岩 常祥, Oct. 1996, 60, 157, 157

Books etc

• 植物学の百科事典, 丸善出版株式会社, SAKAI Atsushi, 分担, 2016, Not Refereed
• 生物学辞典, 東京化学同人, SAKAI Atsushi, 分担, Dec. 2010, Not Refereed
• 「大台ケ原の自然誌―森の中のシカをめぐる生物間相互作用」, 東海大学出版会, SAKAI Atsushi, 分担, 2009, 第11章 シカの影響の有無によるササの形態と光合成能力の変化, Not Refereed
• 生物学大辞典, 東京化学同人, SAKAI Atsushi, 分担, 2007, Not Refereed
• プラントミメティックスー−植物に学ぶー−, エヌ・ティー・エス, SAKAI Atsushi, 分担, 2006, pp. 279 - 285, 葉緑体と色素体-色素体七変化-, Not Refereed
• 光合成事典, 学会出版センター, SAKAI Atsushi, 分担, 2003, Not Refereed
• 細胞生物学事典, 朝倉書店, SAKAI Atsushi, 分担, 2002, Not Refereed
• 分子生物学(共著), 東京化学同人, SAKAI Atsushi, 1999, 27-35頁, Not Refereed
• 分子細胞生物学辞典, 東京化学同人, SAKAI Atsushi, 分担, 1997, Not Refereed
• オルガネラ形成の遺伝子発現機構(共著), 講談社サイエンティフィク,「植物の遺伝子発現」, SAKAI Atsushi, 1994, 214-231頁, Not Refereed

Presentations

• SAKAI Atsushi, 日本植物形態学会第30回大会, マングローブ植物ヤエヤマヒルギのイオン吸収速度に対するNa+の影響 ～modified root-split法を用いた解析～, Sep. 2018, 広島, False
• SAKAI Atsushi, 日本植物形態学会第30回大会, トウモロコシ第一葉老化過程における葉緑体核様体の挙動と光合成特性の変化, Sep. 2018, 広島, False
• SAKAI Atsushi, 日本植物形態学会第29回大会, タバコ培養細胞BY-2の細胞死誘導過程におけるDNA断片化へのタンパク質合成阻害の影響, Sep. 2017, 日本植物形態学会, 千葉県野田市, False
• SAKAI Atsushi, 日本植物学会第81回大会, 地下部からの滲出による成長阻害物質の放出を検出する実験法の検討, Sep. 2017, 日本植物学会, 千葉県野田市, False
• SAKAI Atsushi, 日本植物形態学会第28回大会, セイタカアワダチソウの生葉・枯葉由来成長阻害物質の同定に向けた解析, Sep. 2016, 日本植物形態学会, 沖縄, False
• SAKAI Atsushi, 日本植物形態学会第28回大会, タバコ培養細胞BY-2の3種類の細胞死誘導過程におけるDNA断片化プロセスの検討, Sep. 2016, 日本植物形態学会, 沖縄, False
• SAKAI Atsushi, 日本植物形態学会第28回大会, ヒマラヤスギの根からの成長阻害物質放出について, Sep. 2016, 日本植物形態学会, 沖縄, False
• SAKAI Atsushi, 日本植物形態学会第27回大会, ヒマラヤスギ周囲の裸地形成における枯葉の役割, Sep. 2015, 新潟, False
• SAKAI Atsushi, 日本植物形態学会第27回大会, 単細胞緑藻Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 高温耐性株の解析, Sep. 2015, 新潟, False
• SAKAI Atsushi, 日本植物形態学会第27回大会, セイタカアワダチソウの枯葉由来成長阻害物質の同定に向けて, Sep. 2015, False
• SAKAI Atsushi, 日本植物形態学会第27回大会, 低温下における葉の赤色化は葉温を上昇させるか？, Sep. 2015, 新潟, False
• SAKAI Atsushi, 日本植物形態学会第27回大会, タバコ培養細胞BY-2の細胞密度が過敏感細胞死誘導に及ぼす影響 ―過敏感細胞から発信されるシグナル物質の関与の可能性―, Sep. 2015, False
• SAKAI Atsushi, 日本植物形態学会第26回大会, ヒマラヤスギ周囲の裸地形成には複数の要因が関与する, Sep. 2014, 日本植物形態学, 神奈川県横浜市生田, False
• SAKAI Atsushi, 日本植物形態学会第26回大会, 接触形態形成が窒素含量の変化を通して光合成に及ぼす影響, Sep. 2014, 日本植物形態学会, 神奈川県横浜市生田, False
• SAKAI Atsushi, 日本植物学会第78回大会, タバコ培養細胞BY-2の細胞学：細胞の増殖・分化と死, Sep. 2014, 日本植物学会、日本メンデル協会, 神奈川県横浜市生田, False
• SAKAI Atsushi, 近畿植物学会講演会, 接触形態形成と光合成の接点, Dec. 2013, 奈良, False
• SAKAI Atsushi, 日本植物形態学会第25回大会, 栄養環境の違いが接触形態形成、窒素含量、光合成能力に及ぼす影響, Sep. 2013, 札幌, False
• SAKAI Atsushi, 日本植物学会第77回大会, 機械的ストレスに対するシロイヌナズナの応答：サイズ、窒素含量、および光合成機能の変化, Sep. 2013, 札幌, False
• SAKAI Atsushi, 第60回日本生態学会大会, 盗葉緑体が光合成ウミウシの走光性に与える影響, Mar. 2013, 静岡, False
• SAKAI Atsushi, 日本植物形態学会第24回大会, ヒマラヤスギ周囲の裸地は他感作用によるものか？II. 他感物質の供給経路と季節変化, Sep. 2012, 東京
• SAKAI Atsushi, 日本植物形態学会第24回大会, ヤエヤマヒルギ幼植物体の生存・成長・呼吸・光合成に対するNaClの影響, Sep. 2012, 東京
• SAKAI Atsushi, 日本植物形態学会第24回大会, オルガネラ核様体におけるMicrococcal nucleaseによる分解からDNAを保護する構造の比較, Sep. 2012, 東京
• SAKAI Atsushi, 日本植物学会第76回大会, 接触形態形成が窒素含量の変化を介して光合成能力に影響を及ぼす現象について：刺激耐性の異なる種間での比較, Sep. 2012, 姫路, False
• SAKAI Atsushi, 日本植物形態学会第23回大会, ヒマラヤスギ周囲の裸地は他感作用によるものか？, Sep. 2011, 東京
• SAKAI Atsushi, 日本植物学会第75回大会, 接触形態形成による植物体サイズの変化は植物体内窒素濃度の変化を介して光合成能力の変化をもたらす, Sep. 2011, 東京, False
• SAKAI Atsushi, 日本植物学会第75回大会, タバコ培養細胞におけるＰＣＤと非ＰＣＤに伴う核ＤＮＡの断片化, Sep. 2011, False
• Atsushi Sakai; Yukiko Ushikoshi; Akiko Sasaki, 第61回日本植物生理学会年会, Reevaluation of allelopathic potential of goldenrod (Solidago altissima) naturalized in Japan., 21 Mar. 2020, 19 Mar. 2020, 21 Mar. 2020
• 酒井 敦; 門野 桃子; 平井 怜菜; 伊藤 綾香; 岡部 友佳; 藤田 佑里香, 日本植物学会 第85回大会, 越冬中の植物の葉の赤色化が低温光照射下での葉温と光合成に及ぼす影響, Oral presentation, 19 Sep. 2021, 16 Sep. 2021, 20 Sep. 2021
• 酒井 敦; 藤澤 真帆; 柳井 千花, 日本植物学会第86回大会, ヒマラヤスギ周囲から草本植物が排除される仕組みについて, 17 Sep. 2022, 15 Sep. 2022, 20 Sep. 2022
• 中島春果; 酒井敦, 日本植物形態学会第34回大会, 種々の⾼濃度の⽣理活性物質投与により誘導されるプログラム細胞死, Poster presentation, 16 Sep. 2022, 16 Sep. 2022, 16 Sep. 2022
• 鎌野奈穂; 酒井敦, 日本植物形態学会第34回大会, セイタカアワダチソウ地下部由来揮発性物質がセイタカアワダチソウ⾃⾝の成⻑に及ぼす影響, Poster presentation, 16 Sep. 2022, 16 Sep. 2022, 16 Sep. 2022
• 阿山真唯; 酒井敦, 日本植物形態学会第34回大会, カニの存在がマングローブ植物および⼲潟砂泥に及ぼす影響, Poster presentation, 16 Sep. 2022, 16 Sep. 2022, 16 Sep. 2022
• 柳井千花; 酒井敦, 日本植物形態学会第34回大会, ヒマラヤスギ周囲における植物の選択的な⽣育阻害について 〜⽣育の可否を決める要因の検討〜, Poster presentation, 16 Sep. 2022, 16 Sep. 2022, 16 Sep. 2022

Awards

• キトロギア奨励賞, 日本メンデル協会, 酒井敦, 2014
• 日本植物学会奨励賞, 1999

Ⅲ．社会連携活動実績

１．公的団体の委員等（審議会、国家試験委員、他大学評価委員，科研費審査委員等）

• 日本植物生理学会, 会計幹事, Society
• Society
• 日本植物形態学会, 庶務幹事, Society
• Society
• 日本植物形態学会, 評議員, Jan. 2022, 9999, Society
• Society
• 日本植物形態学会, 大会準備委員長, Society
• Society
• The Japan Mendel Society, councillor, Apr. 2020, 9999, Society