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(Faculty Division of Humanities and Social Sciences Research Group of Human Sciences)|Researchers' Profile Teacher performance management system

NII Hitomi

Faculty Division of Humanities and Social Sciences Research Group of Human SciencesProfessor
Last Updated :2025/04/27

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Profile Information

  • Name (Japanese)

    Nii
  • Name (Kana)

    Hitomi

Degree

  • Mar. 1993

Research Interests

  • 感化教育/教護/自立支援
  • 児童自立支援施設/教護院/少年教護院/感化院
  • 社会的養護/児童保護
  • 留岡幸助/留岡清男/家庭学校
  • 少年非行/少年保護
  • 教育福祉
  • 児童虐待/教員養成

Research Areas

  • Humanities & social sciences, Education - general
  • Humanities & social sciences, Social welfare

Research History

  • Apr. 2022 - Present, Nara Women's University, Faculty Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, professor
  • Apr. 2011 - Mar. 2022, Hokkaido University of Education, Faculty of Education, professor
  • Apr. 2013 - Mar. 2014, Part-time researcher for university or other academic organization
  • Apr. 2010 - Mar. 2011, Professor
  • Apr. 1997 - Mar. 2010, Associate Professor
  • Apr. 2000 - Mar. 2001, Associate Professor
  • Apr. 1995 - Mar. 1997, Associate Professor
  • Apr. 1992 - Mar. 1995, Lecturer
  • Apr. 1991 - Mar. 1992, Special researcher of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

Teaching Experience

  • History of Education, Nara Women's University, Apr. 2022
  • Apr. 2011 - Mar. 2022

Professional Memberships

  • JaSPCAN
  • 社会事業史学会
  • 日本教育学会
  • 教育史学会

Social Activities

  • Sep. 2019
  • Sep. 2016

■Ⅱ.研究活動実績

Published Papers

  • Annual report on research and education, Faculty of Letters, Nara Women's University, Education in Katei Gakko under the Juvenile reform School Act : focusing on the transfer from Tokyo to Hokkaido, NII Hitomi, Mar. 2023, 19, 1, 11, Research institution
  • Not Refereed, 01 Mar. 2022, 18, 143, 154, Research institution
  • Repositioning "Katei-Gakko" in the history of Social Work and Social Welfare : Through the Examination of its Residents in Shirataki Farm and Sanapuchi School, Sep. 2019, 56, 25, 42
  • Not Refereed, Feb. 2019, 69, 2, 17, 32, Research institution
  • Refereed, Sep. 2018, 20, 2, 220, 226, Scientific journal
  • A Study on the Achievements and Challenges on the Education about Child Maltreatment in the Teacher Training Process - An Examination by the Analysis of Student's Reports -, 28 Feb. 2014, 62, 2, 103, 118
  • Not Refereed, Studium Christianitatis, Hokkaido Society of Christian Studies, Christianity in Reform School Education : Focusing on Baptism and Foot-washing Ceremonies in the Prefectural Makinohara-Gakko in Kagoshima, Nii H., 2013, 48, 1, 27, Scientific journal
  • 2008, 75, 1, 111, 114, 10.11555/kyoiku.75.1_111
  • Refereed, Historical research of education : bulletin of the Society for Historical Research of Education, Japan Society for the Historical Studies of Education, Kosuke Tomeoka and Katei Gakko under the third Reform School Act (1923-1934): Kiyoo Tomeoka's assumption of the vice-principalship of the Hokkaido Branch of Katei Gakko, NII Hitomi, This paper investigates on the end of Kosuke Tomeoka's (1864-1934) incumbency as the principal of Katei Gakko under the third Reform School Act (1923-1934), and focuses on the role of Kiyoo Tomeoka (1898-1976), who became the vice-principal of Hokkaido Branch of Katei Gakko in 1929. Kosuke Tomeoka, the founder of the reform school Katei Gakko, is been regarded as an excellent leader as well as a pioneer of the Japanese reform school, even in his own lifetime. However, questions on how he had managed his school have never been answered concretely through an analysis of the documents in the archives of Katei Gakko. Based on recent research of materials located at the two schools that derived from Katei Gakko, Hokkaido Katei Gakko and Tokyo Katei Gakko, this paper will address the following topics. First, Kosuke Tomeoka originally refused to install any form of restraint system, having based Katei Gakko's basic motivating principle on Wichern's phrase, "Christ's love is the strongest wall." However, due to frequent student escapes, restraint systems were installed during the third Reform School Act. Second, the "colony system, " which Kosuke Tomeoka adopted in both Hokkaido and Ogasawara, ended in failure under the third Reform School Act. Thus, the staff of Katei Gakko were confronted and afflicted with many difficulties. However, the only advice that principal Kosuke Tomeoka gave his staff was the words of Wichern. Third, Kiyoo Tomeoka observed and recorded the daily life of students of the Hokkaido branch of Katei Gakko, and concluded that the students needed to establish a more self-sufficient lifestyle. Kiyoo adopted "the colony plan, " which allowed the students and staff of the Hokkaido branch to manage their own lifestyles instead of being bound by Kosuke Tomeoka's "colony system." Kiyoo also proposed a the downsizing of Katei Gakko in order to improve school management through the adoption of his "colony plan." This paper concludes that the age of the third Reform School Act was the end of the era of principal Kosuke Tomeoka, who had been a leader of the education of juvenile delinquents in modern Japan., Oct. 2007, 50, 45~57, 57, Scientific journal
  • Oct. 2005, 33, 39, 51
  • Refereed, THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH, Japanese Educational Research Association, Kosuke Tomeoka's Research about Prison in America and Europe : From "Reformatory" to "Reform School", NII Hitomi, 2005, 72, 3, 321, 333, Scientific journal, 10.11555/kyoiku1932.72.321
  • Refereed, STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF EDUCATION, The Japan Society for Historical Studies of Education, Kōsuke Tomeoka's Research on Education for Juvenile Delinquents in America and Europe, NII Hitomi, This paper investigates the history of education of juvenile delinquents in Japan. The purpose of this study is to examine how Meiji era Japanese researched the system and ideas of education for juvenile delinquents in the western world. In particular I focus on Kosuke Tomeoka (1864-1934), the leader of the Japanese reform school, who carried out research in America and Europe, and on his return conveyed to the Japanese people what he had learned as well as founding one of his reform schools, 'Katei Gakko', Family School, in 1899. First, I analyze when and what kinds of institutions Tomeoka visited during his two trips abroad. Then I will discuss Tomeoka's conclusions regarding the different systems he encountered. In the nineteenth century, the internal organization of American reform schools gradually changed from the 'congregate' system that housed large numbers of children in the same place, to the 'cottage' system that dealt with smaller groups of around 30 boys. Tomeoka visited both types of reform schools and like progressive American reformers, judged the 'cottage' system to be the more effective. Moreover, he noticed that female staff, called matrons, played an important role in each cottage. He was also interested in 'the placing-out system', so-called fosterage, used in the western world. The idea of the cottage system was summed up in the following phrase, 'Christ's love is the strongest wall', a phrase attributed to Immanuel Wichern, who founded the Rauhe Haus in Germany. Tomeoka found the phrase in the book, Praying and Working by William Fleming Stevenson. When Tomeoka founded Katei Gakko, he adopted the 'cottage' system with matrons, and recorded that it was based on Wichern's Rauhe Haus. However, on several points he adapted and improved upon the western model, introducing his own ideas into his interpretation of the cottage system., 2004, 47, 0, 88, 108, Scientific journal, 10.15062/kyouikushigaku.47.0_88
  • Mar. 2001, 32, 1, 28, 10.24619/00001294
  • Memoirs of Osaka Kyoiku University. IV, Education, pshychology, special education and physical culture, Osaka Kyoiku University, The Placing Out System of the Family School, Katei-Gakko in 1908-1922 : The Students Transfered from Tokyo to Hokkaido, Ogasawara and Ioto, Nii Hitomi, Aug. 1999, 48, 1, 29, 51
  • Memoirs of Osaka Kyoiku University. IV, Education, pshychology, special education and physical culture, Osaka Kyoiku University, The Entrance into the Family School, 'Katei Gakko' : - 1908-1922, at the Time when 'The Reform School Act' Amended for the First Time was Enforced -, Nii Hitomi, Feb. 1996, 44, 2, 141, 167
  • Refereed, Jun. 1991, 58, 2, p132, 141, Scientific journal
  • The Study Committee of Christianity & Social Problems of Institute for the Study of Humanities & Social Sciences Doshisha University, A Study of Kosuke TOMEOKA After the Russo-Japanese War - A Problem about Individual and Subjective Intension in National Social Improvement -, KOBAYASHI Hitomi, Mar. 1991, 39, 39, p72, 97, 10.14988/pa.2017.0000008451
  • Refereed, STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF EDUCATION, The Japan Society for Historical Studies of Education, Kosuke Tomeoka and the Family School in the history of Reformatory Education and Protective Education, 1990, 33, 0, 53, 69, Scientific journal, 10.15062/kyouikushigaku.33.0_53
  • Annual report of educational research, Nara Women's University, Nara Women's University, Amendment of the Reformatory School Act and Enactment of Old Training School Act : Kosuke Tomeoka's thought about the Protective Education, Kobayashi Hitomi, 1989, 7, 19, 40
  • Annual report of Graduate Division of Human Culture, Nara Women's University, A Study of the Reformatory School Act in 1900, Kobayashi Hitomi, 1989, 5, 39, 49
  • Annual report of educational research, Nara Women's University, Nara Women's University, Kosuke Tomeoka's "New Philanthropy" : Comparative Study with Sigejiro Ogawa and Tomoichi Inoue, Kobayashi Hitomi, 1988, 6, 15, 34
  • Annual report of Graduate Division of Human Culture, Nara Women's University, Christian Kosuke Tomeoka's Study about Sontoku Ninomiya : The Idea of "Suijo (Seruices)" and "New Philanthropy", Kobayashi Hitomi, 1988, 4, 45, 54
  • Annual report of educational research, Nara Women's University, Nara Women's University, The Formation and Development of Kosuke Tomeoka's Educational View, Kobayashi Hitomi, 1987, 5, 17, 43
  • Not Refereed, Mar. 2020, 80, 49, 55
  • Not Refereed, 2020, 51, 77, 86

MISC

  • Not Refereed, Mar. 2023, 33, 92, 94, Book review
  • Apr. 2021, 104, 5, 4,6, 7
  • Not Refereed, 2021, -, 28, 33, False
  • Not Refereed, Mar. 2020, 51, 77, 86
  • Consciousness change among novice teachers in personnel exchanges between kindergarten and elementary schools, Mar. 2020, 80, 49, 55
  • Aug. 2018, 19, Report research institution
  • Not Refereed, Mar. 2018, 20, 13, 15
  • Not Refereed, 2015, 第96号, 7, 10, False
  • 2015, 58, 0, 121, 123, 10.15062/kyouikushigaku.58.0_121
  • Not Refereed, Mar. 2014, 123, 134
  • Not Refereed, Mar. 2014, 357, 368
  • BOOK REVIEWS : Tomoe Naganuma "A Pioneer of the Reform Schools in Modern Japan : Shinkei Takase and Tokyo-Kankain, Jan. 2013, 25, 91, 97
  • Sep. 2011, 40, 90, 94
  • Aug. 2011, 30, 131, 139
  • 2009, 3, 11
  • 2008, 158, 167
  • Oct. 2007, 51, 5, 7
  • 25 Dec. 2002, 30, 30, 63, 100
  • 2001, 207, 102, 112
  • Aug. 2000, 19, 95, 105
  • 31 Jul. 1992, 21, 21, 32

Books etc

Presentations

  • Invited oral presentation, 23 Mar. 2024
  • Oral presentation, 24 Sep. 2023, 24 Sep. 2023 - 24 Sep. 2023
  • Keynote oral presentation, 27 Aug. 2023
  • Poster presentation, 15 May 2022, 14 May 2022 - 15 May 2022
  • Keynote oral presentation, May 2019, False
  • Dec. 2018, False
  • Jul. 2018, False
  • Jun. 2018, False
  • Feb. 2018, False
  • May 2016, True
  • Oct. 2015, False
  • Sep. 2015, True
  • Jan. 2015, False
  • Oct. 2014, False
  • Dec. 2013, True
  • Dec. 2012, True
  • Jul. 2012, True
  • Feb. 2012, False
  • Oct. 2010, True
  • May 2010, True
  • Nov. 2009, False
  • Oct. 2009, False
  • Sep. 2009, False
  • Jan. 2008, False
  • Sep. 2006, True
  • Oral presentation
  • Oral presentation
  • Poster presentation

Awards

  • May 2011
  • Jul. 1991

Research Projects

  • 基盤研究(A), Apr. 2021 - Mar. 2026, 21H04408, 児童福祉アーカイブズに基づく教護院退所者の社会的自立に関する総合的研究, 二井 仁美; 片桐 正敏; 石原 剛志; 家村 昭矩; 長瀬 正子; 竹原 幸太; 坂本 紀子; 阿久津 美紀; 山崎 由可里, 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(A), 33410000, 25700000, 7710000, Competitive research funding, kaken
  • 基盤研究(B), Apr. 2019 - Mar. 2023, 19H01587, 感化院・少年教護院における実践思想の系譜とその展開, 石原 剛志; 竹原 幸太; 二井 仁美; 山崎 由可里, 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(B), 静岡大学, 17160000, 13200000, 3960000, 本研究は、感化院の院長らが児童の鑑別等を課題として感化法改正・少年教護法制定を求めた1920年代後半から少年教護法の施行を経て総力戦体制への参加が求められた1940年代はじめの時期において、感化院・少年教護院の実践とそれを主導した思想の展開を、児童自立支援施設所蔵資料等の検討によって明らかにするものである。
    2020年度は、新型コロナウィルス感染防止のため、実施を予定していた東京都下の児童自立支援施設の所蔵資料調査を見送らざるを得なかった。そのため、東京都公文書館や入所児童との接触を避けながら所蔵資料調査が可能であった北海道家庭学校における資料、これまで継続してきた調査で入手してきた資料を対象に分析を行った。
    感化院・少年教護院における入所要件やそれを明らかにするための鑑別のあり方について研究発表を行い、また、東京都公文書館資料の分析を行った。東京府では他の地域とは異なり、1917年、児童を鑑別する児童鑑別委員会を設置し、1920年に地域(院外)で社会調査を行い児童を保護する児童保護員(制度)を設置した。これらの機関の運営によって、調査、保護、鑑別によって感化院入所に至るプロセスの一端、児童保護員による社会調査の意義について論文として発表した。
    また、児童自立支援施設と併設校による教育と福祉の連携・協働について、理論的検討を論文として発表するとともに、北海道家庭学校における児童自立支援施設と学校との「協働」について、歴史をふまえた到達点としてその実践の意義や課題を明らかにする著作を刊行した。, Competitive research funding, kaken
  • Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Apr. 2018 - Mar. 2023, 18H00993, Adaptation Processes of "Learning Stories" by Individuals and Communities, and the teacher training program, 川端 美穂; 二井 仁美; 玉瀬 友美; 中西 さやか; 木村 彰子, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Hokkaido University of Education, 16640000, 12800000, 3840000, (1)共同体におけるLSの受容過程
    国内導入園の保育者及び保護者への聴き取りとアンケート調査を行った結果、国内では「学び」の形成的アセスメントとしての意義よりも、保護者との関係をつくるツールとしての意義が重視されていた。しかし一部に、子ども自身がLSを読み、書き入れ、語り、また読み聞かせを求めるという形でLSに参加することを通して物語を作っていった事例や、LSを起点に家庭での探求活動が広がった事例も見られ、「学び」の「物語」を共同で生成する場になり得ることも示された。つまり、国内実践現場では、LSが子どもの学びを理解し分析するためのアセスメントであるという点は強く意識されていないが、形式的な導入に向かってもおらず、子どもを刺激し、喜ばせ、可能性のある学び手へ信頼を伝える「物語」が目指され、そこに子どもと保育者・保護者の対等な関係性が生み出されていた。
    (2) 個と共同体の試行錯誤過程
    NZの幼児教育施設2園と国内A園で作成されたLSについてテキストマイニングにより特徴を分析したところ、まずNZでは「観察」「分析」「応答」から構成される書式で、文字や数の知識、筆記具やハサミ等の道具を扱うモータースキルなど、個人の知識やスキルが常に価値ある学びの成果として記録され、学びを促すための提案(保育計画)の記載が必須となっていた。翻って、A園の書式は自由記述で、何が切り取られるかは保育者自身の「学びの構え」に依るところが大きく、LSに頻繁に登場するのは、子どもが何かに心を動かされている様子や難しい状況に遭遇したときに他者と協同で臨機応変に創出される行為であり、日本の保育実践における「肯定的な子ども理解」は知識やスキルなど個人の能力的な要素とは異なる方向にあることが伺えた。今後、子どもの学びと育ちを捉える視点やLSの書式及び活用方法がどのように変容するのかについて注視していく必要がある。, kaken
  • Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Apr. 2018 - Mar. 2022, 18H00971, WHAT HAPPENS TO JUVENILE DELINQUENTS AFTER LEAVING INSTITUTIONAL CARE: A 50 YEAR SURVE, Hitomi NII, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Hokkaido University of Education, 17290000, 13300000, 3990000, In the Dunedin Longitudinal Study Terrie Moffitt called the group whose antisocial behavior occurred at the age of 9 or younger the "Life-Course-Persistent" group and according to her, it exhibits antisocial behavior at every stage of life and slips through a series of systems designed to prevent and correct this deviant behavior. However, we think such an assessment underestimates the value of educating those who have experienced initial delinquency at such a young age and promoting their social independence. We base our assessment on 50 years of historical research of about 755 care leavers from the 'kyogoin', Japanese welfare institution for juvenile delinquents. We obtained two main results. First, a low initial age of first delinquency experience does not necessarily mean a lifetime of antisocial behavior. Second, those with good evaluations at the time of leaving the kyogoin were less likely to be admitted to juvenile training schools or similar institutions in the future., kaken
  • Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Apr. 2015 - Mar. 2018, 15H03467, The history of the institutions of the education and protection for the juvenile delinquents or dependent children in Japan; the change of the students of Hokkaido Katei Gakko, NII HITOMI; OHIZUMI Hiroshi; TOMITA Hiroshi; NIHARA Masaki; KARUBE Harufumi, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Hokkaido University of Education, 18460000, 14200000, 4260000, This study is a part of the history of institutions for the education and protection of the juvenile delinquents or dependent children in Japan. Especially, we focused on the change of the students during 100 years of Hokkaido Katei Gakko, which was established in 1914 as Hokkaido Farm and Branch School of Katei Gakko established by Rev. TOMEOKA Kosuke (1864-1934) in Sugamo, Tokyo in 1899.
    We examined the records and documents of the school, and through this research, the following information was clarified. (1) The history of Hokkaido Katei Gakko is categorized in nine periods; (1) the private reform school (1914-1922), (2) the alternative reform school of Hokkaido Government (1923-1933), (3) the act of the education and protection for the juvenile delinquents (1934-1947), (4) the end of the war (1945-1947) , (5) the Child Welfare Act, 1948-1954, (6) 1955-1968,(7) 1969-1977,(8) 1978-1988,(9) 1988-1997., url
  • Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Apr. 2014 - Mar. 2018, 26282205, Safeguarding in Schools in England, OKAMOTO MASAKO; SHIINA Atsuko; NISHIDA Yasuko; TSUTSUMI Hirosi, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Osaka Kyoiku University, 16120000, 12400000, 3720000, From 2011 through 2013, the researchers undertook a study of “Safeguarding in School” with the purpose to understand the guidelines set out by the government for the elimination of abuse in England’s schools. In order to elucidate the Safeguarding concept, a field survey and collection of materials was carried out for the purpose of uncovering the educational activities, education policy, and institutional collaboration which were built on that concept. An international symposium was held at the 22nd Annual Japanese Society for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect. Within the framework of “the school as a team” the effectiveness of the “Designated Safeguarding Lead” system was introduced as part of as a proposed direction for the developmentof an anti-abuse system in schools, url
  • Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Apr. 2011 - Mar. 2015, 23330176, Historical reseach on reform schools at the time of 1933 Education and Protection for Juvenile Delinquents and Child Indipendence Act (Syonen Kyogo-ho), NII Hitomi; YAMASAKI Yukari; ISHIHARA Tuyoshi, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Hokkaido University of Education, 12090000, 9300000, 2790000, We investigated the history of the pre-war reform schools at the time of the 1933 Education and Protection for Juvenile Delinquents and Child Independence Act that were called "Kankain" or "Syonen Kyogoin" .
    We forcused on the state of the children and the agencies for them at the time of the enforced "Syonen Kyogo-ho". We found important records and documents which belonged to some of them, such as the prefectural Wakakoma-gakuen and Syutoku-gakuin, plus the national Musashino-gakuin. By analaysis of those documments we clarified their situations and the activities of their support communities (Syonen Kyogoiin) for child protection and the early detection of juvenile delinquency., Competitive research funding, url
  • Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Apr. 2011 - Mar. 2014, 23330225, How to Foster "Child Abuse Prevention Practical Skills" in Teacher-training Education, OKAMOTO Masako; NII Hitomi; NAKAYAMA Aoi; SHIMA Yosinobu; MIZUNO Haruhisa; SUZUKI Mayuko; UEDA Hiromi; HONDA Masahiro; NISIMAKI Kengo; KITAGUTI Kazumi; HONMA Hiroaki, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Osaka Kyoiku University, 19240000, 14800000, 4440000, In order to clarify methods for fostering "practical skills for child abuse prevention" in teacher-training programs, we carried out surveys.
    In Japan, through surveys of elementary, junior high, and high school teachers in Osaka and Hokkaido, special education teachers across the country, and teachers in teacher-training universities, we analyzed and identified issues in the current situation when dealing with child abuse, recognition of abuse, education and methods for in-service training about abuse, and in the situation at the undergraduate level with regard to education about abuse. From the internationalsurveys, we gathered information about "Safeguarding" in England, prevention education at the school level in Sweden and Austria, and the systems that support schools in the US. On the basis of these results, we have made several proposals about the content and method of education at the teacher-training level and about in-service training for currently-employed teachers., Competitive research funding, url
  • Apr. 2009 - Feb. 2010, 『留岡幸助と家庭学校』出版 研究成果公開促進費, 研究成果公開促進費, 0, 0, 0, Competitive research funding
  • Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), 2007 - 2010, 19330173, The Historical Research on the proposal and deliberation of "Shounen Kyougo Houan" (Juvenile Education and Protection Bill) in the Imperial Diet, NII Hitomi; YAMASAKI Yukari; ISHIHARA Tsuyoshi, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Osaka Kyoiku University, 19240000, 14800000, 4440000, We investigate the history of the children's self-reliance support facility, that shall be a facility intended for admitting children who have committed, or are likely to commit, delinquencies and other children in need of daily life guidance, etc. due to their family environment or other environmental reasons or having those children commute there from their guardians. We especially focus on the proposal and deliberation of "Shounen Kyougo Houan" (Juvenile Education and Protection Bill) in the 64^ Imperial Diet in 1933. This bill was prepared by the heads of the Kankain (the reform schools) and introduced into Parliament. We discuss how this bill was pass by the archives of the children's self-reliance support facilities., Competitive research funding, url
  • 平成18年度財団法人山陽放送学術文化財団研究助成金, Apr. 2006 - Mar. 2007, 「非行少年」の処遇を巡る基礎的研究 ―感化事業百年史資料の調査を中心に―, 二井仁美 山崎由可里 石原剛志, 財団法人山陽放送学術文化財団, 平成18年度財団法人山陽放送学術文化財団研究助成, 大阪教育大学」, 0, 0, 0, Competitive research funding
  • Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), 2004 - 2006, 16530504, The properties of education for Juvenile delinquents in Modern Japan Focusing on Kosuke Tomeoka's Research in America and Europe, NII Hitomi, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Osaka Kyoiku University, 2600000, 2600000, This project investigates on how the modern Japanese learned the Western education system for juvenile delinquents, through analyzing what Kosuke Tomeoka (1864-1934), who adopted the "colony system" of the European institutions as the system of his Reform School of "Katei Gakko," learned through observing the social institutions in the United States and in Europe in 1903, and what he reported after the observation.
    A question on which European colonies he had observed has never been answered by the previous studies, due to the lack of research and analysis of the basic material.
    Therefore, I made the catalogue of Tokyo Katei Gakko, where the documents written by Tomeoka and the books he collected are kept. As a result of a thorough investigation, I have found new evidences on the following topics.
    First, Tomeoka's image of the colony system was formed by his visit to "Strafanstalt Witzwyl," Switzerland. Tomeoka explained that the Strafanstalt Witzwyl had neither high walls nor enclosed sea. However, my investigation shows that in Witzwyl, there are two types of the institutions, the ones enclosed with walls and the ones without walls. Tomeoka emphasized only the latter of the two types.
    Second, Tomeoka reported to the Japanese people that Willhelmdorf and Freistadt, which were established by Friedrich von Bodelschwingh, were effective colonies that help the homeless and the powerless. However, Tomeoka did not visit there, but instead visited other institutions in Bodelschwinghsche Anstalt Bethel. I theorize that he got the information on Willhelmdorf and Freistadt through reading a magazine of "Bote von Bethel".
    Therefore, I conclude that Tomeoka's report on the information on the Western institutions had been filtered through his bias. The transmitter's bias has influenced the Japanese understanding on the Western information in modern era, and this is also true in the case on the juvenile education., kaken
  • Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), 2002 - 2003, 14591002, The history of the education of juvenile delinquents in Japan; Kosuke Tomeoka's Research on Education for Juvenile Delinquents in America and Europe, NII Hitomi; NAKAYAMA Aoi, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Osaka Kyoiku University, 2400000, 2400000, The purpose of this study is to examine how modern Japanese of the Meiji era researched into the system and ideas of education for juvenile delinquents in the western world. In particular I focus on Kosuke Tomeoka (1864-1934), the leader of the Japanese reform school, who carried out research in America and Europe and on his return conveyed to the Japanese people what he had learned founding one of his reform schools, 'Katei Gakko', Family School, in 1899. Firstly, I analyze his two trips abroad. Then I will discuss his conclusions regarding the different systems he encountered. In the nineteenth century, the internal organization of American reform schools gradually changed from the 'congregate' system which housed a large numbers of children in the same place, to the 'cottage' system which dealt with smaller groups of around 30 boys. Tomeoka visited both types of reform school and, like the American reformers, judged the 'cottage' system to be the more effective. The idea of the cottage system was summed up in the following phrase, 'Christ's love is the strongest wall', and the phrase is attributed to Immanuel Wichern, who had founded the Rauhe Haus in Germany. Tomeoka found the phrase in the book, Praying and working by William Fleming Stevenson., kaken
  • 奨励研究(A), 1999 - 2000, 11710145, 家庭学校文書の史料論的検討-東京および北海道家庭学校所蔵史料の構造-, 二井 仁美, 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 奨励研究(A), 大阪教育大学, 2500000, 2500000, 1899年に留岡幸助(1864-1934)が東京巣鴨に設立した家庭学校は、1914年に北海道農場および北海道分校、1923年に茅ヶ崎分校(1933年閉鎖)を開設した後、1935年には巣鴨の本校を上高井戸に移転、1968年には北海道分校が本校から独立し、現在は東京家庭学校と北海道家庭学校という独立した別個の法人となっている。本研究では、両校が所蔵する留岡幸助校長時代の家庭学校文書を、両校に共通な編成原則によって目録作成を試みた結果、以下の諸点を明らかにした。
    1)東京家庭学校所蔵文書は、一次史料(書簡類を除く)約800点、書簡約500通、名刺約200点、北海道家庭学校所蔵文書は、一次史料(書簡類を除く)約2000点、書簡約10000通、名刺約100点と、北海道家庭学校の方が圧倒的に多くの家庭学校文書を収蔵している。これは、幸助の四男留岡清男が戦前に家庭学校北海道分校教頭、戦後に北海道家庭学校長の職責にあったことに由来する。
    2)内容的には、東京家庭学校は、家庭学校理事会関係文書や本校日誌・茅ヶ崎分校日誌など家庭学校の本校および茅ヶ崎分校関係文書、草稿類や当用日記など留岡幸助の著作物と、家庭学校本校宛に送付された書簡類を所蔵している。これに対して、北海道家庭学校は、家庭学校文書は北海道農場・北海道分校関係を中心とするものにとどまるものの、留岡清男教頭時代に残されたと考えられる庶務担当大谷松太郎宛書簡を中心とする北海道農場宛の書簡約4000通のような膨大な史料群を有する。また、留岡幸助の手帖約300冊の他、幸助の長男の妻留岡よし子が長く保管していた留岡幸助宛書簡約6000通など、留岡幸助に関わる大量の史料群も収蔵する。
    これらに対する史料論的検討は、今後の留岡幸助研究・家庭学校史研究において留意すべき両校所蔵史料の特徴や、近現代史研究における基礎的史料情報を提供するものであり、公開可能な目録に纏めるべく、現在、史料中の保護すべき個人情報に対する処理作業を進めている。, kaken
  • 奨励研究(A), 1997 - 1998, 09710186, 感化法施行期における家庭学校の経営と感化教育の様態, 二井 仁美, 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 奨励研究(A), 大阪教育大学, 1900000, 1900000, 本年度は、昨年度からの継続課題である、感化法施行期における家庭学校の経営関係文書および感化教育の様態を示す文書の収集をすすめると共に、渉猟した文書群の解読と分析に着手した。第一に、北海道家庭学校所蔵文書の調査にもとづき、1900年前後に記された書簡の整理とその概要目録作成に従事した。北海道家庭学校所蔵文書は、校内の本館屋根裏、留岡幸助古稀記念文庫図書館、家庭学校博物館等に収納されているが、それらの中で留岡幸助古稀記念文庫に保管されている留岡幸助関係書簡の整理に着手し、劣化の激しい書簡を一点ずつ中性紙封筒に収め、今年度新たに約1500点を目録に入力した。当初2000通程度と思われていた古稀記念文庫保管書簡は、結果的には3000通に及ぶ分量であることがわかったが、後一回の作業でおおよそ古希記念文庫保管書簡の概要目録が完成できる見通しとなった。しかし、約5000点の数が見込まれる本館屋根裏所蔵書簡は二年間の調査活動において目録を作成することができなかった。来年度以降の課題としたい。北海道家庭学校所蔵文書のうち、庶務関係簿冊については必要と考えられるものについておおよその収集ができた。第二に、東京家庭学校所蔵の日誌類の渉猟については、東京家庭学校が他市の市史編纂室に貸し出した文書類がようやく返却されマイクロフィルムより渉猟した。同時に東京家庭学校所蔵文書の関係史料が収納されている茶箱の整理と目録作成に従事した。これもすべてを終えるにはいたれず課題を残した。しかし、研究対象とすべき理事関係書類をほぼ渉猟することができ現在、解読と分析の途上にある。, kaken
  • 奨励研究(A), 1996 - 1996, 08710181, 第二次改正「感化法」施行期における感化教育施設家庭学校の実態, 二井 仁美, 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 奨励研究(A), 大阪教育大学, 1100000, 1100000, 司法省の管轄の下で少年審判所と矯正院という新たな機関を開設させた少年法の成立(1922年3月)により、第二次感化法は改正された。少年法は地方長官の送致を受けた場合を除いて14歳未満の者を少年審判所の審判に付さないと定め、矯正院は少年審判所から送致された者と民法882条による裁判所の懲戒場入場許可のあった者を収容し、感化院との間に14歳という年齢を一つの分界をもった。この結果、感化院は8歳以上14歳未満で「不良行為ヲ為シ又ハ不良行為ヲ為スノ虞アリ」かつ適当に親権を行う者がないと地方長官が認定する者、18歳未満で親権者または後見人から入院願いがあった者で地方長官が入院の必要を認めた者、裁判所より懲戒場に入るべき者、少年審判所から送致された者を引き受ける施設となった。代用感化院である家庭学校もこの規定に従ったが、同時に家庭学校には感化法の規定によらず入校する生徒をもつ民間感化院であった。第三次感化法施行期に、家庭学校は茅ヶ崎分校を開設し、巣鴨の本校での入校手続き後、生徒を北海道分校または茅ヶ崎分校へと異動させた。この時期、北海道分校は北海道庁代用感化院に指定され、北海道分校では本校からの生徒(東京府の代用感化院生と家族から依頼されて直接入校した生徒の両方)の他に、北海道庁の入院命令書による生徒が入校するようになった。本研究では、北海道家庭学校所蔵の家庭学校本校・北海道分校・茅ヶ崎分校の日誌を分析することにより、家庭学校へ入校した生徒の国立感化院、公立感化院、矯正院や少年審判所、東京府児童保護員等の他機関との関係、在校時の状態、退校後の進路について実証的に検討した。, kaken
  • 奨励研究(A), 1994 - 1994, 06710155, 感化法制下における総合的感化教育施設家庭学校の史的研究, 二井 仁美, 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業 奨励研究(A), 大阪教育大学, 900000, 900000, 家庭学校は、入校手続き・実業教育および感化事業従事者養成を本校、十五歳以上を北海道分校、十五歳未満を茅ヶ崎分校と機能分化の基準を設け、また、本校は1909年に東京府代用感化院、北海道分校は開設八年後の1922年に北海道庁代用感化院に認定されていた。感化法は、1908年改正以降、主たる対象少年の年齢を8歳以上18歳未満、1922年以降は8歳以上14歳未満と規定していた。本研究では、家庭学校内部の分類基準と代用感化院生入校との関係を整理し、家庭学校内部での生徒異動、家庭学校と他の感化院との間における生徒異動の実態の解明につとめ感化法制下における民間感化教育施設としての家庭学校の位置を明確にした。
    方法としては、第一に、公文書等により北海道・東京府・神奈川県の感化院の設置状況と生徒入校基準を確認した。第二に、家庭学校の庶務記録・日誌類により1914年から1923年までの家庭学校内部における生徒異動、同時代の他の感化院等との間における生徒異動の実態を解明した。年度途中に学外に貸出されていた大量の日誌類が北海道家庭学校に戻された。これらは、北海道分校開設以降の巣鴨本校、北海道分校、茅ヶ崎分校の日誌であり研究遂行の最初に依拠すべき資料と考え、計画段階での資料の利用を変更した。
    資料および時間的制約もあり全容の解明は今後の課題として残されたが、感化法の運用実態を示す以下の成果を得た。第一に、入校に関しては家族や関係機関からの入校相談の様相と入校決定までの経緯や入校の手続きの実態、第二に、家庭学校内部における生徒異動に関しては北海道分校への異動経緯と引率、北海道分校からの帰京、茅ヶ崎分校開設時の幼年者選択、分校内部での寮間の異動や生徒から見習生への身分異動、さらに「校外生」としての生徒委託の状況、第三に、家庭学校卒業後に関しては卒業時の相談と就職や他施設への異動の状況が明らかになった。, kaken

■Ⅲ.社会連携活動実績

1.公的団体の委員等(審議会、国家試験委員、他大学評価委員,科研費審査委員等)

  • 国立武蔵野学院図書・資料室運営委員, Apr. 2001 - Present, Others
  • 社会福祉法人北海道家庭学校, 北海道家庭学校百年史編集委員会委員長, Apr. 2017 - Mar. 2024, Others
  • 国立武蔵野学院, 「国立武蔵野学院百周年記念事業に関する委員会」委員, Apr. 2017 - Sep. 2019, Government
  • 大阪市青少年問題協議会委員, Apr. 2008 - Mar. 2010, Autonomy